A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “="”" sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985 A.J.T., A.VM
1.The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for .
A.a middle school teacher B.a primary school student
C.a senior high student D.a college student
2.According to the passage, we know that his grammar book .
A.compares modern English with old English
B.gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C.attaches more importance to conversational forms
D.pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
3.Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A.This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.
B.This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C.It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
D.One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
4.When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ~Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that .
A.the two parts before and after the sign “~” mean the same
B.the two parts before and after “~” are said by two different people
C.the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D.the topic is changed in the part after the sign “~”
5.In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because .
A.they have helped the authors with this edition
B.they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors
C.the authors want to make use of the fames of those people
D.those people will make advertisements for this book
It was my first year teaching in a special needs class, and I wasn’t sure what to expect at our yearly. Special Olympics sports meeting. My 1 had some challenges, from learning disabilities to cerebral palsy(大脑性麻痹).
Mark was one with the latter. Restricted to a 2 , he had to fight his spasms (抽筋) just to control his movements. 3 , he always had a positive attitude and greeted everyone with a huge smile.
His classmates 4 him and always took the time to make sure he was included in group activities, especially Mike, Andy and Lucas, three boys who were good at 5 . Obviously, Mark wanted to be like them, unrestricted by the limitation of his 6 and watching them moving on the playing field seemed to fill him with 7 .
When the day came, Mike, Andy and Lucas 8 well in their sports events, and gave the normally calm audience something to cheer about. Mark sat in his wheelchair on the sidelines, 9 them on.
The final event of the day was the 400 meter race. 10 was invited to either walk or run, according to their ability, around the 11 length of the track.
When Mike, Andy and Lucas reached the finish line, they 12 and turned to look behind them. At the 13 of the crowd, determined not to be left behind, was Mark. All his classmates had 14 him. He was alone on the track with over half the distance left to 15 .
Mike, Andy and Lucas looked at each other, and a silent 16 passed between them. Slowly, they jogged 17 towards their friend, cheering him on 18 he had done for them moments before.
The progress was 19 , but in the end the three star runners and Mark crossed the finish line together to the enthusiastic cries of their teachers and classmates. Seeing the look on Mark’s face as he crossed the finish line, hands upraised and laughing, I came to understand what 20 the Special Olympics, and the determined athletes who compete, so extraordinary.
Years later, I’m still cheering them on.
1. A.partners B.friends C.students D.classmates
2. A.bed B.machine C.wheelchair D.desk
3. A.So B.However C.Otherwise D.Therefore
4. A.protected B.satisfied C.respected D.loved
5. A.sports B.practice C.studies D.expression
6. A.interests B.body C.habits D.mind
7. A.wonder B.trust C.stress D.reset
8. A.trained B.played C.operated D.prepared
9. A.bringing B.holding C.cheering D.moving
10. A.Someone B.Nobody C.Anybody D.Everyone
11. A.entire B.different C.average D.equal
12. A.fell B.paused C.rushed D.rested
13. A.center B.front C.end D.top
14. A.left B.ignored C.passed D.helped
15. A.continue B.jog C.walk D.cover
16. A.demand B.thought C.action D.relief
17. A.back B.along C.again D.on
18. A.while B.although C.since D.as
19. A.boring B.great C.slow D.relaxing
20. A.leaves B.finds C.keeps D.makes
If the island a tourist attraction, last week’s earthquake would have caused far more deaths.
A.is to remain B.has remained C.remained D.would remain
Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A.who B.that C.when D.which
Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.
A.without B.beyond C.of D.in
The Mekong River Commission has found no evidence the dams on the upper reaches have an influence on the water flow downstream.
A.that B.which C.where D.what