Who Owns the Moon?
Within the next ten years, the U. S., China, Israel, and a crowd of private companies plan to set up camp on the moon. So if and when they plant a flag, does that give them property rights?
A NASA working group hosted a discussion this week to ask: Who owns the moon? The answer, of course, is no use. The Outer Space Treaty, the international signed by more than 100 countries, states that the moon and other celestial bodies (天体) are the province of all mankind. No doubt that would annoy all of the people throughout the ages, like monks from the Middle Ages, who have tried to claim the moon was theirs.
But ownership is different from property rights. People who rent apartments, for example, don’t own where they live, but they still hold rights. So with all of the upcoming missions (派遣团) to visit the moon and beyond, space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush.
“ This is a very relevant discussion right now. We’ve got this wave of new lunar missions from around the world,” said William Marshall, a scientist in the small-spacecraft office at NASA, but who spoke this week at an event hosted by NASA’s Co Lab, a collaborative(协力完成的) public-private working group. He was speaking from his personal interest and not on behalf of the agency.
To be sure, the United States aims to send astronauts back to the moon by as early as 2015, in a mission that would include a long-term settlement. China and Israel, among others, are also working on lunar projects. And for the first time, several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize. Some participants say that they plan to gain some property rights in the mission.
1.In the passage the writer seems to be worrying that ________.
A．the US will live on the moon forever
B．the moon will not be able to hold all mankind
C．the potential land rush will become more and more frequent
D．no one can answer the question “ Who owns the moon?”
2.“ The Google Lunar X Prize” aims to ________.
A．encourage private groups to land on the moon
B．help NASA host a discussion about land rush on the moon
C．help some developing countries to complete their lunar projects
D．reward some countries or private groups which haven’t stepped on the moon
3.The underlined word “ that” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A．the Outer Space Treaty
B．if and when they plant a flag
C．the NASA working group
D．monks from the Middle Ages
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The U. S. astronauts will live on the moon for longer time.
B．Many countries and private groups plan to go to the moon.
C．Why some private groups wish to land on the moon.
D．It is easy to gain some property rights on the moon.
5.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．it’s a waste of time to work on the lunar project
B．“ The Outer Space Treaty” forbids private groups to land on the moon
C．all mankind has the right to land on the moon
D．whenever you come to the moon, you’ll get some property rights on it
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom．
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules．These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education．Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices．For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom．They worry about the rules even when there are no rules．Even a few rules will help this kind of students．The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education．Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school．
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained．You may have your own opinion about open education．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory．In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students want some structure in their classes．They want and need to have rules．In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects．Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to．
1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason why some students like open education?
A．The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning．
B．Open education allows students to be responsible for their own future.
C．Open education allows the students to develop their own interests.
D．Open education has fewer rules.
2. From the passage we can learn that___________.
A．the writer believes that all students don’t want some structure in their classes
B．the writer believes that all students want some structure in their classes
C．nearly all teachers like open education
D．only the students that worry about rules or grades a lot like to be in an open classroom
3.Some students will do little in an open classroom because __________．
A．there are too few rules
B．they hate activities
C．open education is similar to traditional education
D．they worry about the rules
4. Which is NOT mentioned according to the passage given?
A．Some advantages about open education.
B．Some disadvantages about open education.
C．Some students’ feelings in an open education school.
D．The writer’s opinion about open education is the same as all the students’.
5.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?
A．Many students like open education．
B．Open education is better than traditional education．
C．Open education is a really complicated (复杂的) idea.
D．Open education is a good idea in practice．
Riding School:
You can start horse - riding at any age．Choose private or group lessons any weekday between 9:00 a．m．and 8: 30 p．m．（3: 30 p.m．on Saturdays）．There are 10 kilometers of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country．You will need a riding hat．
Opening Hours: Monday through Friday: 9:00 a.m.--8:30 p.m．
Phone: （412） 396 -6754 Fax: （412） 396 -6752 ．
Sailing Club:
Our Young Sailor’s Course leads to the Stage I Sailing qualification．You’ll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers sailing theory and first aid．Have fun with other course members, afterwards in the clubroom．There are 10 weekly two - hour lessons （ Tuesdays 6 p.m．-- 8 p.m．）．
Opening Hours: Tuesdays: 6:00 p.m．--8:00 p.m．
Phone: （412） 396 -6644 Fax: （412） 396 -6644
Diving Centre:
Our experienced instructors offer one - month courses in deep - sea diving for beginners．There are two evening lessons a week, in which you learn to breathe underwater and use the equipment safely．You only need swimming costume and towel． Reduced rates for couples．
Opening Hours: Monday and Friday: 6: 30 p.m．--8:30 p.m．
Phone: （412） 396 -6312 Fax: （412） 396 -6706
Medical Center:
The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university. The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal with a broad range of medical problems．Both female and male doctors as well as nursing staff are available for consultation. Also, all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores．
Opening Hours: 24 hour from Monday to Sunday
Phone: （412） 396 -6649 Fax:（412）396 -6648
Watersports Club:
We use a two - kilometer length of river for speedboat racing, and water - skiing, a beginners course consists of ten 20 - minute lessons． You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently, but must be able to swim. The club is in a convenient central position and is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 4: 00 p.m., with lessons all through the day．
Opening Hours: Monday through Friday: 9:00 a.m.--4:00 p.m．
Phone:（412）396 -6899 Fax:（412）396 -6890
1.If you want to swim and enjoy activities which are fast and a bit dangerous, you should join _ ．
A．Watersports Club B．Medical Centre
C．Sailing Club D．Riding School
2.If you want to experience a new activity in the countryside in the mornings, you may fax ．
A．(412）396 - 6648 B．(412）396 - 6706
C．(412）396 - 6752 D．(412）396 - 6876
3.If you are planning to explore the ocean depths, you should attend your lessons at _______ ．
A．24 hour from Monday to Sunday
B．Monday through Friday : 7:00 a.m．-10:00 p.m．
C．Tuesdays: 6:00 p.m．- 8:00 p.m．
D．Monday and Friday: 6: 30 p.m．- 8: 30 p.m．
4.You want to do an activity one evening a week and get a certificate in the end, you can go to ___ ．
A．Watersports Club． B．Diving Center
C．Sailing Club D．Riding School
5.Which is NOT the convenience that the Medical Center provides?
A．Good equipment．
B．Well trained staff members．
C．Various less expensive medicines．
D．Nursery for newly - born babies．
“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days！”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine，newspaper，radio and television ads，promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs，slim the face，smooth wrinkles，or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than moneymaking things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public，it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug，FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device，FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health，FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily， or it can take legal action，including seizure(查封)of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline (腰围). The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously，most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings(法律诉讼)，and new devices appear continually. Before buying，it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
1.It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.
A．objective B．costly C．unreliable D．illegal
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.
B．New products are more likely to be questionable.
C．The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D．The promoters usually just care about profits.
3.FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product________.
A．if it is a drug
B．if it is a device
C．if its consumers make complaints
D．if its distributors challenge FDA's authority
4.The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.
A．a product which was designed to produce electricity
B．a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C．a successful advertisement of a beauty product
D．an example of a quality beauty product
5.The author intends to________.
A．make consumers aware of the promoters' false promises
B．show the weakness of the law on product safety
C．give advice on how to keep young and beautiful
D．introduce the organization of FDA
完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Living one’s life is really like driving on a highway. First, to make a good driving, the driver must carefully examine the 1 of his car, just as he cares for his health for a good life. Once he enters into the highway, he must 2 certain rules for his own safety. It also can be said that he must obey certain rules of 3 when living as a decent (体面的) adult. For example, on the highway, he is 4 to keep a constant speed which can be compared with his 5 activities through his life. Neither driving nor living must be taken at too 6 a speed nor at too slow a speed. If he drives too 7 , the police will give him a ticket, just as he will be arrested when he breaks the law. 8 too conservatively (保守的), he will be called an out-of-date person 9 the others driving at the proper speed. When he wants to change his lanes, he must give careful 10 to every direction of his car. It is sometimes 11 to change the way of life 12 he can be sure of completion by doing so. He 13 not make any unnecessary changing of lanes which gives him only danger. Finally, he must 14 where he is now by recognizing some 15 appearing now and then. If he takes the wrong way, he must return to the right as 16 as he can. But he may thus lose 17 and energy both on the road and in life.
18 the whole, driving on a highway and living one’s life are both hard work. 19 if he is careful and serious enough, 20 will provide him much pleasure.
1. A．seat B．condition C．petrol D．passenger
2. A．listen to B．find C．follow D．insist on
3. A．society B．school C．group D．highway
4. A．glad B．required C．made D．anxious
5. A．broken B．outdoor C．good D．continuous
6. A．large B．high C．limited D．expected
7. A．speedily B．slowly C．orderly D．willingly
8. A．Doing B．Acting C．Going D．Working
9. A．persuading B．getting C．interrupting D．refusing
10. A．notice B．attention C．signs D．regards
11. A．dangerous B．worthy C．unfit D．troublesome
12. A．if B．when C．unless D．because
13. A．dare B．need C．may D．should
14. A．think B．discover C．prove D．look
15. A．signs B．roads C．posters D．people
16. A．possible B．soon C．much D．hard
17. A．money B．luck C．time D．trust
18. A．In B．With C．About D．On
19. A．Therefore B．But C．And D．Then
20. A．it B．he C．they D．you
No one will be sad because humans will have learnt to fix many of the problems that affect us now, like war, pollution and hunger, ________ ?
A．will they B．will he C．won’t he D．won’t they
