_____ himself with necessary knowledge a...

写作（满分30分）

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前某英语杂志社举办“ 建设节约型校园 ”征文比赛。请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：

1. 学校里浪费的现象，如水、电与餐厅食物等；

2. 浪费造成的危害；

3. 你的建议与措施。

注意：1. 词数：120-150；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

阅读表达(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.

Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled StressandSleep, indicates that stress / worry and (lack of ) sleep are directly related. Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep，” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”

So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.

Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out，” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”

1.What is the best title of the passage?  (No more than 10 words)

2.What does the underlined word “indicates” in the second paragraph mean？(1 word)

3.What’s the relationship between stress and sleep according to Dr. Henry Winkle? (No more than 20 words)

4.Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (No more than 30 words)

5.Doing what things can help us fall asleep quickly? (No more than 10 words)

Who Owns the Moon?

Within the next ten years, the U. S., China, Israel, and a crowd of private companies plan to set up camp on the moon. So if and when they plant a flag, does that give them property rights?

A NASA working group hosted a discussion this week to ask: Who owns the moon? The answer, of course, is no use. The Outer Space Treaty, the international signed by more than 100 countries, states that the moon and other celestial bodies (天体) are the province of all mankind. No doubt that would annoy all of the people throughout the ages, like monks from the Middle Ages, who have tried to claim the moon was theirs.

But ownership is different from property rights. People who rent apartments, for example, don’t own where they live, but they still hold rights. So with all of the upcoming missions (派遣团) to visit the moon and beyond, space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush.

“ This is a very relevant discussion right now. We’ve got this wave of new lunar missions from around the world,” said William Marshall, a scientist in the small-spacecraft office at NASA, but who spoke this week at an event hosted by NASA’s Co Lab, a collaborative(协力完成的) public-private working group. He was speaking from his personal interest and not on behalf of the agency.

To be sure, the United States aims to send astronauts back to the moon by as early as 2015, in a mission that would include a long-term settlement. China and Israel, among others, are also working on lunar projects. And for the first time, several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize. Some participants say that they plan to gain some property rights in the mission.

1.In the passage the writer seems to be worrying that ________.

A．the US will live on the moon forever

B．the moon will not be able to hold all mankind

C．the potential land rush will become more and more frequent

D．no one can answer the question “ Who owns the moon?”

2.“ The Google Lunar X Prize” aims to ________.

A．encourage private groups to land on the moon

B．help NASA host a discussion about land rush on the moon

C．help some developing countries to complete their lunar projects

D．reward some countries or private groups which haven’t stepped on the moon

3.The underlined word “ that” in the first paragraph refers to ________.

A．the Outer Space Treaty

B．if and when they plant a flag

C．the NASA working group

D．monks from the Middle Ages

4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The U. S. astronauts will live on the moon for longer time.

B．Many countries and private groups plan to go to the moon.

C．Why some private groups wish to land on the moon.

D．It is easy to gain some property rights on the moon.

5.We can infer from the passage that ________.

A．it’s a waste of time to work on the lunar project

B．“ The Outer Space Treaty” forbids private groups to land on the moon

C．all mankind has the right to land on the moon

D．whenever you come to the moon, you’ll get some property rights on it

There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom．

But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules．These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education．Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices．For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom．They worry about the rules even when there are no rules．Even a few rules will help this kind of students．The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education．Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school．

You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained．You may have your own opinion about open education．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory．In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students want some structure in their classes．They want and need to have rules．In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects．Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to．

1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason why some students like open education?

A．The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning．

B．Open education allows students to be responsible for their own future.

C．Open education allows the students to develop their own interests.

D．Open education has fewer rules.

2. From the passage we can learn that___________.

A．the writer believes that all students don’t want some structure in their classes

B．the writer believes that all students want some structure in their classes

C．nearly all teachers like open education

D．only the students that worry about rules or grades a lot like to be in an open classroom

3.Some students will do little in an open classroom because __________．

A．there are too few rules

B．they hate activities

C．open education is similar to traditional education

D．they worry about the rules

4. Which is NOT mentioned according to the passage given?

A．Some advantages about open education.

B．Some disadvantages about open education.

C．Some students’ feelings in an open education school.

D．The writer’s opinion about open education is the same as all the students’.

5.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?

A．Many students like open education．

B．Open education is better than traditional education．

C．Open education is a really complicated (复杂的) idea.

D．Open education is a good idea in practice．

Riding School:

You can start horse - riding at any age．Choose private or group lessons any weekday between 9:00 a．m．and 8: 30 p．m．（3: 30 p.m．on Saturdays）．There are 10 kilometers of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country．You will need a riding hat．

Opening Hours: Monday through Friday: 9:00 a.m.--8:30 p.m．

Phone: （412） 396 -6754  Fax: （412） 396 -6752 ．

Sailing Club:

Our Young Sailor’s Course leads to the Stage I Sailing qualification．You’ll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers sailing theory and first aid．Have fun with other course members, afterwards in the clubroom．There are 10 weekly two - hour lessons （ Tuesdays 6 p.m．-- 8 p.m．）．

Opening Hours: Tuesdays: 6:00 p.m．--8:00 p.m．

Phone: （412） 396 -6644  Fax: （412） 396 -6644

Diving Centre:

Our experienced instructors offer one - month courses in deep - sea diving for beginners．There are two evening lessons a week, in which you learn to breathe underwater and use the equipment safely．You only need swimming costume and towel． Reduced rates for couples．

Opening Hours:  Monday and Friday: 6: 30 p.m．--8:30 p.m．

Phone: （412） 396 -6312  Fax: （412） 396 -6706

Medical Center:

The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university. The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal with a broad range of medical problems．Both female and male doctors as well as nursing staff are available for consultation. Also, all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores．

Opening Hours: 24 hour from Monday to Sunday

Phone: （412） 396 -6649  Fax:（412）396 -6648

Watersports Club:

We use a two - kilometer length of river for speedboat racing, and water - skiing, a beginners course consists of ten 20 - minute lessons． You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently,  but must be able to swim. The club is in a convenient central position and is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 4: 00 p.m., with lessons all through the day．

Opening Hours:  Monday through Friday: 9:00 a.m.--4:00 p.m．

Phone:（412）396 -6899  Fax:（412）396 -6890

1.If you want to swim and enjoy activities which are fast and a bit dangerous, you should join     _ ．

A．Watersports Club                       B．Medical Centre

C．Sailing Club                            D．Riding School

2.If you want to experience a new activity in the countryside in the mornings, you may fax        ．

A．(412）396 - 6648                       B．(412）396 - 6706

C．(412）396 - 6752                       D．(412）396 - 6876

3.If you are planning to explore the ocean depths, you should attend your lessons at    _______  ．

A．24 hour from Monday to Sunday

B．Monday through Friday : 7:00 a.m．-10:00 p.m．

C．Tuesdays: 6:00 p.m．- 8:00 p.m．

D．Monday and Friday: 6: 30 p.m．- 8: 30 p.m．

4.You want to do an activity one evening a week and get a certificate in the end, you can go to    ___  ．

A．Watersports Club．                     B．Diving Center

C．Sailing Club                            D．Riding School

5.Which is NOT the convenience that the Medical Center provides?

A．Good equipment．

B．Well trained staff members．

C．Various less expensive medicines．

D．Nursery for newly - born babies．