A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
1.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Four categories of heavy drinkers.
B．Heavy drinking affects college students.
C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making.
D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.
2.Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?
A．Low binge drinkers B．moderate binge drinkers
C．Increasing binge drinkers D．Stable binge drinkers
3.Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.
A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking
B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain
C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence
D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices
4.What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______.
A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is
B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect
C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making
D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected
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The Wimpole Estate The Wimpole Estate, which now belongs to the National Trust, was built in 1640. Along with Wimpole Hall, the location offers 60 acres of formal and informal gardens, a working kitchen garden and a home farm featuring rare breed animals. Perfect for autumnal walks! Please note: The members are free all the year. Getting there: The Wimpole Estate is 8 miles southwest of Cambridge. Park open: All year, dawn till dusk. Admission: (non-members) ￡4.90 for adults and ￡2.80 for children. |
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Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve Experience a unique fragment of the wilderness this autumn, which once covered much of East Anglia. Wicken Fen is the oldest nature reserve in the country, and is famous for its rich plant, insect and bird life --- a delight for naturalists and strollers alike! Please note: The members are free all the year. Getting there: Wicken Fen is 17 miles northeast of Cambridge. Open: All year, dawn till dusk (except Christmas Day) Admission: (non-member) Adults ￡3.80; children ￡1.20. |
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The Peterborough Ghost Walk Or perhaps a night time walk in Peterborough is more up your street? In this case why not try the Peterborough Ghost Walk? The guided walking tour stars at the Museum and Art Gallery in Priestgate and winds its way through the city, lasting about one and a half hours. Please note: The walk is not recommended for young children or those of a nervous disposition. Getting tickets: Visit the Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery or the Tourist Information Center or telephone 01733-343329. Tour dates: Please telephone the above number. Ticket prices: Adults ￡4.00 and ￡2.00 for children. |
1.Who would be most interested in Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve?
A．A historian. B．A naturalist. C．A farmer. D．An artist.
2.How much would a member pay if he goes to the Wimpole Estate with his two children?
A．￡5.60. B．￡7.70. C．￡8.90. D．￡10.50.
3.The Peterborough Ghost Walk might give people a feeling of _______.
A．joy B．release C．fear D．shame
4.Which of the following is TRUE about the Wimpole Fstate?
A．It is an old private farm.
B．People can have a walk in it at any time.
C．People can see some endangered animals there.
D．The best time to go there for a walk is in the fall.
The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed (声言) that living on an island 36 from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the 37 are, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has 38 many attitudes and habits which make them 39 from other nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a 40 , shy and reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he 41 well. In the 42 of strangers or foreigners he often seems embarrassed. You have only to walk around a city any morning or evening to 43 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit 44 their newspapers or have a light sleep in a corner with no one speaking. 45 , to do so would seem most unusual to many foreigners. An Englishman pretending to be giving 46 to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway carriage, shake hands with all the passengers”. Obviously , he was not being 47 . There is an unwritten 48 clearly understood code (规则) of behaviour which, if 49 , makes the person immediately suspect(怀疑).
In many parts of the world it is quite 50 to show openly their enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc. The Englishman is somewhat 51 . Of course, an Englishman lacks no deep feelings, in fact , no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his 52 far less. This is reflected in his use of 53 . Imagine a man making a comment on the great 54 of a young girl. A more emotional man might 55 her as “extremely beautiful,” “precious”, however, an Englishman might just say, “Um, she is all right.” The girl who heard this should not be angry because "not bad" and " all right" very often have the same meaning as "first class" " excellent" and this unique style of language use is common in England.
1. A．divided B．separated C．parted D．broke
2. A．problems B．arrangements C．reasons D．differences
3. A．developed B．got C．created D．made
4. A．differ B．separate C．suffer D．vary
5. A．noisy B．rude C．noble D．quiet
6. A．recognizes B．knows C．sees D．likes
7. A．front B．absence C．lack D．presence
8. A．look at B．find out C．tell D．keep
9. A．publishing B．selling C．reading D．showing
10. A．In other words B．On the contrary
C．On the whole D．In fact
11. A．advice B．performances C．speeches D．way
12. A．funny B．great C．serious D．careful
13. A．as well as B．or C．and D．but
14. A．broken B．made C．explained D．followed
15. A．enough B．right C．normal D．impossible
16. A．proud B．kind C．hard D．different
17. A．feelings B．talents C．gifts D．behaviors
18. A．action B．language C．time D．life
19. A．speech B．mark C．beauty D．intelligence
20. A．speak B．describe C．take D．treat
On hearing the news, the girl rushed out without hesitation, ______ the luggage ______ on the floor, and ______ in the dark.
A．left; lied; disappeared B．leaving; lie; disappeared
C．leaving; lying; disappeared D．left; lay; disappear
Fully __________ in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
A．occupied B．contributed C．attached D．devoted
________ and I’ll get my assignment finished.
A．Having one more hour B．One more hour
C．Given one more hour D．If I have one more hour
