阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
You may know all about vitamin C，but do you know why vitamin D is also important to your body?Experts from the Children's Hospital in Boston，US，have said that some teens don't get enough of this important nutrient.
Vitamin D can help bones and muscles grow strong and healthy.If a person is short of vitamin D，he or she may have problems like rickets(佝偻病)and osteoporosis．Rickets is mainly found in children.Osteoporosis，the thinning of bone，is a common problem as people get older.
Studies in these years have found that vitamin D may also have other uses.If someone is short of vitamin D, he may have heart problems or die from some cancers.
The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight.But many people worry about getting skin cancer and skin damage from the sun.Also, even skin color has an influence.Darker skinned people get less vitamin D than lighter skinned people.Older people get less vitamin D than younger people.You can also get it from foods.Some food such as cheese and egg yolks (蛋黄) have some vitamin D．But most of vitamin D in the American diet comes from food like milk with the vitamin added.
Now more doctors are testing for vitamin D in their patients.But some doctors worry that if people take too much vitamin D, it might be bad for their body.At the same time, skin doctors tell people to be careful with sunlight.
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应用文写作
假如你是李华，最近你的英国网友David 给你发来邮件，谈到他想利用假期去做兼职，但是遭到母亲的反对。他希望你可以谈谈假期打工的好处，以帮助他说服母亲。请据此给他回复一封邮件。
注意： 1、词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。）
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
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Yours,
Li Hua
A Brief Introduction to Gandhi
Mohandas Gandhi (1869----1948), an Indian national hero, was honored 1.the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.
He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got 2.(marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3. he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.
In South Africa he 4.(surprise)to find that the problem of racial discrimination (种族歧视)was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight 5. equal rights.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915,6. India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and 7.(depend)for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. 8., the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give 9.and India won its independence in 1947. 10.(fortunate)Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
Shyness is the ______ of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively ______ with their own appearance and ______ . Worrisome thoughts are constantly ______ in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing ______ clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must ______ people adversely. A person’s self-concept is ______in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. ______, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, having ______ self-esteem (尊重), are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive______ criticism; they feel it _____their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments (恭维) because they believe they are ______ of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a ______ like this one: “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality,______ it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least______? Fortunately, people can______shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes ______ with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their ______. For example, most people would like to be “A” students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves ______ because they have difficulty in some areas. People’s expectations of themselves must be ______ . Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.
1.A. base B. basis C. cause D. reason
2.A. worried B. concerned C. surprised D. amused
3.A. acts B. actions C. style D. deeds
4.A. taking place B. ringing C. occurring D. striking
5.A. magnificent B. appealing C. fun D. unattractive
6.A. effect B. interfere C. affect D. turn
7.A. reacted B. replied C. reflected D. responded
8.A. In general B. Furthermore C. However D. Nevertheless
9.A. high B. low C. medium D. no
10.A. about B. against C. at D. for
11.A. gives B. makes C. confirms D. generate
12.A. worthy B. unworthy C. deserving D. aware
13.A. word B. sentence C. statement D. announcement
14.A. undertaking B. overdoing C. exercising D. trying
15.A. dropped B. reduced C. abandoned D. abided
16.A. get B. handle C. dispose D. overcome
17.A. hand in hand B. next C. after D. short of
18.A. advantages B. strengths C. flaws D. length
19.A. low B. inferior C. bad D. disabled
20.A. true B. real C. realistic D. genuine
Stay on the brighter side of life
One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you’re grateful for. 1.
Feeling down? Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you’re happy—even if you aren’t. A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. 2. Reassure yourself that everything is good—even if you don’t feel it.
“3. If you’re stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too,” says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you’re setting yourself up for feeling down all day. Instead, acknowledge that you’re stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window. That way, you’ll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. 4.You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
5. Try making someone else’s day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.
A. Try to help someone in need.
B. Want to give your attitude a lift?
C. People tend to think in an either-or way.
D. Act in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a joke.
E. You’ll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
F. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.
G. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.
Reading may be fundamental, but how the brain gives meaning to letters on a page has been a mystery. Two new studies fill in some details on how the brains of efficient readers handle words. One of the studies, published in the April 30 Neuron, suggests that a visual-processing area of the brain recognizes common words as whole units. Another study, published online April 27 in PLOSONE, makes it known that the brain operates two fast parallel systems for reading, linking visual recognition of words to speech.
Maximilian Riesenhuber, a neuroscientist at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., wanted to know whether the brain reads words letter by letter or recognizes words as whole objects. He and his colleagues showed sets of real words or nonsense(无意义的词语)words to volunteers undergoing fMRI scans. The words differed inonly one letter, such as “farm” and “form” or “soat” and “poat”, or were completely different, such as “farm” and “coat” or “poat” and “hime”. The researchers were particularly interested in what happens in the visual word form area, or VWFA, an area on the left side of the brain just behind the ear that is involved in recognizing words.
Riesenhuber and his colleagues found that neurons(神经元)in the VWFA respond strongly to changes in real words. Changing “farm” to “form”, for example, produced as great a change in activity as changing “farm” to” coat”, the team reports in Neuron. The area responded slowly to single-letter changes in made-up words.
The data suggests that readers grasp real words as whole objects, rather than focusing on letters or letter combinations. And as a reader’s exposure to a word increases, the brain comes to recognize the shape of the word. Meaning is passed on after recognition in the brain, Riesenhuber says.
The researchers don’t yet know how longer and less familiar words are recognized, or if the brain can be trained to recognize nonsense words as a unit.
1.Riesenhuber’s research probably focuses on whether the brain ______.
A. recognizes words as a unit or reads them letter by letter.
B. operates two fast parallel systems for reading
C. takes longer to read less familiar words or not
D. handles nonsense words as a unit
2.Riesenhuber and his colleagues carried out their research by ______.
A. giving pairs of real words totally different B. arranging the words in different order
C. showing pairs of different words D. making volunteers read some longer words
3.Riesenhuber’s research is significant in that it shows how the brain ______.
A. responds to familiar words B. relates meaning to letters
C. recognizes the form of a word D. reacts to made-up words
