Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A University of lowa(UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term pay off of studying.
"For the teenager, 'the rewards are attractive." says Professor Jatin Vaidya，an author of the study. "They draw adolescent. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults ."
For parents,that means limiting distraction (分心的事情）so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p.m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. "I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology," Vaidya says. But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse-control skills.”
In their study,Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive（冲动的)，make bad decisions，and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（额叶）of their trains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wondered. whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher-level reasoning.
"We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system how it change from chillhood to adulthood," Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. “We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an under-developed frontal lobe,”he adds.For their study ,the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16,and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future,researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological（神经学上的）aspects of their results.
1.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the long-term pay off of studying.
B. Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.
C. Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D. Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
2.Which statement agrees with Vaidya's idea?
A. The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B. Parents should help children in making decisions.
C. Children should have access to the Internet.
D. Children need help in refocusing their attention.
3.What result does teenagers' brain underdevelopment lead to?
A. Doing things after some thought.
B. Making good decisions.
C. Joining in dangerous actions.
D. Escaping risky behavior.
4.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. By making a comparison of brain examinations.
B. By examining adults’ brain.
C. By examining teenage brain.
D. By building the train’s reward system.
It's a little hard to figure out the rules for sure but the baby African buffalo (水牛）seems to have the upper hand. The two stand a couple feet apart, staring at each other. Behind them, their mothers look on with the kind of indifference (不关心）of mothers everywhere who see their kids playing a harmless game.
The alarm went off about half an hour ago, the second time tonight. Here，one bell means "elephant ",two "rhino"(犀牛），and three and four，I really can't remember for what，because when you' re awoken by bells in the middle of the night，your first thought won’t be Animal", But as soon as I realized it was the rhino alarm, I was running for the stairs.
Yet I'm the only one watching the animals stare-down. Either nobody else died of a heart attack when the bells went off, or I was the only one in the entire hotel who didn't turn the alarm switch to off before going to bed.
The Ark, a hotel shaped like the biblical ark(圣经的方舟), lies in the highlands of Kenya’s Aberdare National Park, about 100 kilometers north of Nairobi. At the Ark's prow (船首) are huge windows overlooking a waterhole. Earlier tonight，I'd watched a pack of wolves, buffalos and elephants. And now, at Three or so in the mornings I'm down for the round of rhino bells. The first time, 2.5 hours ago, it was a single black rhino, which came down, got a drink, and left.
I'd have been sorry for the lost sleep. I've already arranged with a guide to take me out at sunrise for the so-called "should-never-missed" bird-watching, where well get to see 30 species, but really, how many times in your life will you get to wake up and say，"Wow! Rhino? Isn't that the definition of a pretty good right? Last week we went from Uganda into Kenya，Before I left home, I thought I'd be happy with ten elephants and five or six giraffes on the whole trip.I didn't dare to dream the rhino.
1.The message that the hotel's bells sent was .
A. a very wise way the author had never heard of
B. hard for the author to remember in detail
C. a matter that all visitors had got used to
D. like conditioned response training for animals
2.What's the author's attitude toward the bell?
A. It's bothering but two bells are welcome.
B. It should be turned off whenever it rings,
C. Its visitors have a chance to see buffalos.
D. It is a very bad way to wake the guests up.
3.What does the underlined part “died of a heart attack" in paragraph 3 mean ?
A. died unexpectedly
B. felt extremely excited
C. felt very uncomfortable and tired
D. suffered from a terrible heart attack
4.What did the author see at about 3:00 a.m.?
A. Two buffalos were fighting fiercely for food,
B. A rhino and a buffalo were fighting for water.
C. A rhino and a buffalo were staring at each other.
D. A buffalo was teaching its baby to walk freely.
As one of our talented remote editors, you'll have the ability to work from home while choosing the types of tasks that interest you. You will receive free training through online talks and our company newsletters. You will have job security and be paid on time. Working with Scribendi INc. requires a middlle level of computer and Internet knowledge. You need to be good at downloading and uploading files, attaching files to emails, saving and finding files on your computer, transferring files and renaming files.You should have a good working knowledge of the major document file formats and their associated software programs.
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1.The remote editor .
A. will study the knowledge of type setting
B. will receive training that needs to by paid for
C. will accept his payments by using PayPal
D. can rest on weekends and have good pay
2.Who will probably be one of the remote editors?
A. All American with a university degree, who worked 3 years for a newspaper.
B. A Chinese, with a university,who worked 5 years for a translation―comply.
C. An English wish a high school degree, who worked 3 years for a newspaper.
D. A Frenchman with a university degree, who has a high level of computer knowledge,
3.Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Those applying for the job will be given a job interview.
B. One can apply for the job throughout the year
C. Communication is very important for one to get the job.
D. One can apply for the job through the website,
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was the first time that my father had asked me to help him. By the time we finished, herring (鲱鱼) covered the bottom of the boat as deep as my knees. For the first time in days, my father seemed happy.
Then he looked at the western sky, and his smile disappeared.
They are called Northwesters. They're storms that sweep out of Canada hard and fast. No one can predict their arrival. All fishermen fear them.
“We're going back,” my father said.
He started the motor. We were only two miles out, but the shore looked to me to be as far away as the moon. Over the distant hills, black clouds ran toward us like wild horses. My father set a course directly for them.
We made it only halfway home before we met the storm.
The wind came first. It lifted the lake in whitecaps. The weight of the herring made us ride low in the water, and the waves broke over our bow(船头).
By the time the rain came, we'd put more distance behind us. Although we were now only half a mile from shore, the rain fell so hard that we couldn't see the land.
I was scared, but I saw my father sitting straight in the stern(船尾), holding the boat steady into the wind, and I felt hopeful.
I was starting to think we were going to make it. That's when the motor died. My father tried many times to restart it, but failed. I saw that the boat was coming about. I knew what that meant.
We would sink in no time.
"Grab an oar(浆), "he shouted above the wind.
We set the oars in the locks and began to pull hard. My father dug his oar into the water, bringing the boat around, bow into the wind again. With all my strength, I pulled on my own oar.
The wind pushed hard against us. We seemed to be fighting the anger of the whole lake.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
I was tired.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
My mother rushed through the rain to greet us.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of my earliest 1. (memory) was watching my mom talk on our old phone. I was interested that she could talk to someone2. wasn’t actually in the room with her. When she left the room, I would stare at it, 3. (wonder) how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
Later, we had mobile phones, computers and smart phones. These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second. My daughter stores her information in a mysterious place4. (know) as "the cloud", where she can take5. out at any time. It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
However, what 6. (bother) me is that we rarely communicate 7. each other nowadays. Few people take the time 8. (talk) face to face. And instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones, we stare at our screens. It seems as if the most connected generations are also the 9. (lonely). Remember that we are here to love each other and make this world 10. better place. So don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life. Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.
I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old. My mother told us that we would not be________Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad and thought, "What would I say when the other kids asked what I'd________?" Just when I started to_______that there would not be a Christmas that year, three women_______at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I felt such a sense of_______that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school. I wasn't_________Somebody had thought_______of me to bring me a gift.
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my________Christmas there special and memorable, I______remembered the women's visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of________for as many children as I could possibly reach.
So I________a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, _______with a child's name. We wanted all of them to know they were ______. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I________them that they couldn't open their presents________every child had come forward. Finally the________they had been waiting for came as I called out, "One, two, three. Open your presents!" As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles________up the room. The________in the room was obvious, and________wasn't just about toys. It was a feeling — the feeling I knew________that Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn't forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter.
1.A. sending B. receiving C. making D. exchanging
2.A. found B. prepared C. got D. expected
3.A. doubt B. hope C. suggest D. accept
4.A. broke in B. settled down C. turned up D. showed off
5.A. relief B. loss C. achievement D. justice
6.A. blamed B. loved C. forgotten D. affected
7.A. highly B. little C. poorly D. enough
8.A. present B. first C. . recent D. previous
9.A. hardly B. instantly C. regularly D. occasionally
10.A. strength B. independence C. importance D. safety
11.A. kept up with B. caught up with C. came up with D. put up with
12.A. none B. few C. some D. each
13.A. fine B. special C. helpful D. normal
14.A. reminded B. guaranteed C. convinced D. promised
15.A. after B. until C. when D. since
16.A. chance B. gift C. moment D. reward
17.A. lit B. took C. burned D. cheered
18.A. atmosphere B. sympathy C. calmness D. joy
19.A. it B. such C. something D. everybody
20.A. by B. till C. for D. from
