阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Han people have its own spoken and written language-Chinese. Chinese belongs to the Han-Tibetan language family. It is the 1. (common) used language in China and among the largest languages in the world.
Written Chinese came out in 2. (it) earliest form approximately 6,000 years ago. The Chinese characters 3. (use) today, also called “Hanzi”, developed from those used in bones and tortoise shells more than 3,000 years ago. There are about 56,000 characters, of which only about 3,000 are in common use.
Mandarin is a category (种类) of Chinese 4. (dialect) spoken across most of northern and 5. (southwest) China. The term “Mandarin” can also refer to Standard Mandarin, which 6. (base) on the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing. It is officially considered to be the standard for the People’s Republic of China.
Why do most non-Chinese speakers choose to learn standard Mandarin Chinese? Mandarin is understood by most Chinese people. As mentioned above, it is China’s national language. 7. you are interested in basic communication, scholarly research, or 8. (pursue) a career in China, standard Mandarin is 9. necessary tool for communication. And it often serves 10. a bridge for communication.
A new family moved in next door and I got to meet the mother of the family, Lydia.
Lydia is a (an) ______. We started talking, and she was ______ about how bad her English was, but I didn’t care. I knew how hard it was to ______ a second language. I enjoyed chatting with Lydia as we watched our kids play.
It was what came next that ______ me: Lydia asked if I’d be ______ to help her with her English.
Now, I am not a teacher. But I ______ teachers, and I’m grateful for teachers, and it’s because I admire what they do so much that I was very, very ______ that I couldn’t do it myself.
But Lydia was sure that she wanted my help. I was ______. I wasn’t sure my “help” was even ______ being called by that name.
____because she asked me, I said “yes.”
And that was the beginning of our friendship. Lydia and I spent afternoons sitting together. She asked me questions when she had them - questions about ______, but also questions about the new culture she found herself in. ______, I asked my own questions, growing ______ about her home country and culture. We ______ over our shared faith and our struggles as mothers. When I complimented (恭维) her ______, she began to teach me about Korean food, ______ leading to a shared trip to explore the Korean grocery stores in our city.
Because of Lydia, I learned more about my own hometown than I ______ could have learned by myself.
I’m still not sure that I’m any good as a ______. But I’m grateful I said “______” when my neighbor asked me to help her with her English. That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn’t ______ just my neighbor. She became my friend.
1.A. American B. Korean C. native D. woman
2.A. confident B. upset C. apologetic D. concerned
3.A. understand B. remember C. teach D. master
4.A. shocked B. struck C. challenged D. grasped
5.A. willing B. ready C. nervous D. grateful
6.A. hate B. fear C. thank D. admire
7.A. sad B. anxious C. sure D. uncertain
8.A. doubtful B. faithful C. enthusiastic D. optimistic
9.A. worth B. useless C. fruitful D. rewarding
10.A. And B. So C. Yet D. Or
11.A. life B. language C. study D. family
12.A. In addition B. In turn C. In return D. In succession
13.A. passionate B. curious C. worried D. excited
14.A. argued B. combined C. separated D. bonded
15.A. skill B. study C. manners D. cooking
16.A. fortunately B. constantly C. eventually D. successfully
17.A. ever B. never C. hardly D. forever
18.A. student B. teacher C. speaker D. friend
19.A. ok B. fine C. sorry D. yes
20.A. remain B. change C. regard D. promise
Now VAR technology is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut (首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup. 1.. It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main judge by watching video replays.
The VAR team supported the judges from a centralized video room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from the relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. 2.. They will communicate with the judges only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The judge can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. 3., the judge would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.
4.. Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a judge following a controversial decision. 5.. With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that.
A.VAR works as video judges
B.If one team is likely to win a game
C.It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary
D.Now VAR has incurred heated discussion
E.Once they decide an incident is reviewable
F.Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes
G.VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again
Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked? They’re called “placebo(安慰剂）buttons”一buttons that mechanically sound and can be pushed，but provide no functionality.
In New York City, only about 100 of the 1, 000 crosswalk buttons actually function. Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached today’s levels.
But while their function was taken over by more advanced systems—such as automated lights or traffic sensors — the physical buttons were often kept, rather than being replaced at further expense. Other cities，such as Boston，Dallas and Seattle，have gone through a similar process, leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons. In London, which has 6, 000 traffic signals，pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light. But that doesn’t necessarily mean that the “green man”— or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design profession — will appear any sooner.
“We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically, but we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features,’’ said Glynn Barton, director of network management at Transport for London.
These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly (giving priority to buses if they’re running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.
According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of control — and something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. “They serve a psychological purpose at the very least,” she added.
1.Why are the physical buttons still kept in some cities?
A. Because it may cost money to replace them.
B. Because they remain as memories of a city.
C. Because do have real functions in traffic.
D. Because they can result in reliable lights.
2.Which of the following word can replace the underline word “features” in Paragraph 4?
A. Functions.
B. Uses.
C. Equipment.
D. Facilities.
3.If you pressed a “placebo button” in London, what would happen?
A. All traffic would be affected.
B. Some kind of sound might appear.
C. Pedestrians came first to cross the road.
D. “Green man” were bound to show up earlier.
4.What can we know about “palcebo buttons” from Langer’s words?
A. They can really control traffic.
B. They serve little functions.
C. They may work mentally.
D. They can help the blind.
At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing some quality in me. For example,when I was 12, I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer. My mom was extremely nervous about it. She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico, to always put on sunscreen, not to wander away from my grandmother, and other warnings. She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.
But despite her worries, she let me go on my own. As I moved into my teens, she continued to give me space to grow and learn, even when it might have been difficult for her. When I reached my senior year, I decided to move away for college. Once again I found that I differed from my peers:While many of them wanted to stay close to home, I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own. While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away, she was supportive and excited for me.
One big thing I realized during my senior year, as my mom granted me more freedom, was that she actually believes in me and trusts me. That means a lot. Most of my life, and especially when I was little, the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother. I knew she expected nothing but the best from me. Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards: getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.
I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important, like education,and made me who I am. I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life. Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.
1.What may “some quality” in Paragraph 1 actually refer to?
A. “My” stubbornness.
B. “My” independence.
C. “My” misbehavior.
D. “My” carelessness.
2.What is the author’s attitude to his or her mother’s way of raising children?
A. Appreciative.
B. Critical.
C. Opposed.
D. Supportive.
3.What can we infer about the mother?
A. She always gets nervous easily.
B. She often gets involved in “my” life.
C. She used to be strict in “my” study.
D. She would limit “me” too much
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A. A mother’s deep love.
B. A child’s Independence
C. A mother’s trust and support
D. A child’s long way to growth.
Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度).
In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia, which is a life-threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C. Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.
In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life-threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6-41.7°C. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.
1.What keeps our body temperature stable?
A. Culture and technologies.
B. The stable earth temperature.
C. Our strong determination.
D. Some kind of in-body system.
2.What is a Swedish woman mentioned for in the text?
A. Proving the strength of life.
B. Arguing against some conclusion.
C. Showing the limit on humans’ body temperature.
D. Introducing an exceptional case about our body temperature.
3.Which of the following may cause hyperthermia?
A. Extreme climates.
B. Very cold climates.
C. Controllable infections.
D. Temperatures below 29.4°C.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Humans’ Temperature Regulating System
B. Changes of Body Temperatures
C. Humans’ Temperature
D. A Ice Trap Survivor
