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Emojis Catch Fire; Creators Seek IP Protection
Emojis (表情符号)are part and parcel of a great many messages exchanged by users of instant message apps, social media, email and the like. As the latest form of intellectual property (IP) in China, they are turning out to be a money-spinner and also an IP worth further protection in China.
Consider Rumi, a panda-like emoji, which has been downloaded on social media more than 340 million times, representing more than one fourth of China’s entire population. More and more users love to use emojis because they help spice up their messages with slick meanings, moods or states of mind that are best expressed quickly, not in words, but through interesting or funny images.
Not only do they use, they also tip. China^ largest social media platform WeChat told China Daily that more than 6.9 million users tipped emoji artists in 2017, part of nearly 14 million yuan ($2 million) in all. The return can be handsome. Zhang Xuchen, 39, a part-time emoji creator from Tianjin, said that he earned a good income in the tens of thousands of yuan a year simply through tipping from customers, which supplements (贴补)his job as a forklift truck driver.
StarMoly, founded in 2016, is the developer of Rumi. It owns more than 30 emojis, which have been downloaded more than 1.4 billion times. “Driven by the wide use of social media in nearly every corner in China, emojis are undoubtedly a promising IP，” said Lin Dongdong，president of StarMoly. Unlike traditional IPs, the company’s emojis will change their costumes and status according to different situations, which brings the digital-based images alive,
StarMoly has also cooperated with a great number of companies to develop its IPs. It has authorized its emojis to the Shape of Water, an Oscar-winning film, to use them in domestic publicity. “To protect our IPs, we select our partners with great caution. We only choose those well-known and high-quality brands including Lay's, Microsoft, Discovery and Taobao to make sure that our IPs are protected,” Lin said, noting that there are indeed many cases of abuse and piracy in the emoji and its related sectors in China.
“Emojis are very likely to be pirated because most of them are in digital forms, which are very easy to be copied and used again，”said Cheng Yanbo, an analyst. “Besides, it is a brand-new and wild area that is not effectively supervised (监管)
A good example, he said, is the facepalm emoji, one of the country’s most widespread characters. It was recently registered as a trademark by a clothing maker from Zhejiang province instead of the emoji’s creator, WeChat.
“To protect these emoji IPs, related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies，” he said, adding that education on the subject is supposed to keep up.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Introduction | Emojis, instant messages used online, bring in a large fortune to creators and1. further IP protection as well. |
Reasons for emojis’ 2. | ·Emojis help users 3. their meanings, moods, or states of mind more quickly than words. ·Emojis help create interesting, exciting and funny images. |
4.in point | ·Rumi, an emoji 5. A like a panda, has been downloaded by over a quarter of China’s entire population. ·Zhang Xuchen created emojis part time but earned a good income because customers 6. him. ·The president of StarMoly, which 7. Rumi, recognizes emoiis as a promising IP. |
Problems with emojis | ·Emojis are very likely to be pirated because the 8. of them arc in digital forms. ·There is a(n) 9. of effective supervision because ifs a band-new industry. |
Solution | Related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies, and education should 10. closely. |
I’m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories.
I grew up reading British and American children’s books. When I began to write, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they ate apples and talked a lot about the weather, despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. We ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather. Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had become convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them. Things changed when I discovered African books. Because of writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye, I went through a mental shift in my idea of literature. I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having a single story of what books are. The year I turned eight, we got a new house boy Fide from a nearby rural village. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. And when I didn’t finish my dinner, my mother would say，“Finish your food! Don’t you know? People like Fide’s family have nothing.” So I felt enormous pity for Fide’s family. Then one Saturday, we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket that his brother had made. I was astonished. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. Their poverty was my single story of them.
Years later, when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States, my American roommate asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe.
Of course, Africa is a continent full of catastrophes. But there are other stories that are not about catastrophe, and it is very important, it is just as important, to talk about them. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.
So what if my mother had told us that Fide’s family was poor and hardworking? What if we had an African television network that broadcast diverse African stories all over the world? What if my roommate knew about my Nigerian publisher, Muhtar Bakare, a remarkable man who left his job in a bank to follow his dream and start a publishing house? What if my roommate knew about my friend Funmi Iyanda, a fearless woman who hosts a TV show, and is determined to tell the stories that we prefer to forget?
My Nigerian publisher and I have just started a non-profit called Farafina Trust, and we have big dreams of building libraries and providing books for state schools, and also of organizing lots of workshops in reading and writing, for all the people who are eager to tell our many stories.
Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. When we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.
1.What is probably people’s first impression of the writer when it comes to her nationality?
A. She mainly eats apples and mangoes.
B. She may not speak fluent English.
C. She comes from a place free of catastrophes.
D. She prefers stories based on foreign characters.
2.The underlined phrase “a mental shift” in Paragraph 2 refers to the writer’s____.
A. discovery of African books with characters of her skin color
B. acquaintance with local African writers like Chinua Achebe
C. realization that not only foreign characters exist in literature
D. change that she started to write about things she recognized
3.How many personal stories has the writer mentioned in the passage?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
4.The writer uses several single stories in the passage to illustrate that the single story____.
A. matters in keeping listeners well informed
B. tends to convey a prejudiced idea to listeners
C. gets increasingly popular among story tellers
D. fails to produce a lasting effect on listeners
5.The writer lists many “what ifs” in Paragraph 6 to____.
A. emphasize our differences rather than similarities
B. indicate the way that stories are used to break dignity
C. show the hardship of recognizing our equal humanity
D. stress the importance of telling diverse, balanced stories
6.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The danger of the single story B. The importance of telling stories
C. The single stories that matter D. Stories that can repair broken dignity
When a caterpillar (毛虫)pretends to be a snake to keep off potential predators (捕食者)，it should probably expect to be treated like one. This is exactly what happened in Costa Rica earlier this year, when researchers witnessed a hummingbird defending its nest from what it interpreted to be a snake, but was actually a caterpillar, which was feeding on a leaf above the nest.
These caterpillars resemble flat dried leaves as adults. They can expand the top of their heads to expose a pair of eyespots that discourage potential predators. When disturbed, they raise their head up and move from side to side, increasing the snake-like appearance. In particular they resemble a green parrot snake, known to feed on nesting birds.
Hummingbirds have a few styles of flying: visiting flowers, feeding on some tiny insects, chasing each other， and mating territory (领土)display flights. Mobbing (围攻)behavior directed against a threat to their nest is much less common but easy to recognize if you know their flight behaviors.
The interaction of the caterpillar and the humming birds took place in Costa Rica. The comings and goings of the female hummingbird around its nest may have disturbed the caterpillar, causing it to expose its eyespots, which in turn caused the hummingbird to defend its nest using what is referred to as ‘mobbing behavior’ by birds.
The caterpillar was unable to feed during the 26-minutes of nearly continuous attacks. Most of the bird’s movements were cautious, but included quick attacks to peck or bite the eyespots.
It was difficult for either the bird or caterpillar to withdraw from the standoff (僵局)，with the hummingbird protecting its nest and the caterpillar just trying to finish its leafy meal. Eventually the caterpillar gave up on eating and crawled away while still under attack, and the hummingbird continued normal nesting behavior.
When birds exhibit this mobbing behavior targeting snaked eyes, it often ends with snakes being killed by repeated bites and pecks near the head. As for creatures that imitate snakes to protect themselves from being eaten, can they in turn protect themselves? Because the hummingbird behavior was typical anti-snake behavior, it can be considered replicable (可复制的).
Future studies of this behavior can be conducted using a tiny, caterpillar robot. It should be remote controlled, light enough to attach to a leaf or stem, and wireless. With such a robot, researchers could vary the eye-like nature and contrast of spots on the head of the robot to test various responses of nest-defending birds. A study like this could definitively test the effects of eye-like versus other imitating patterning for exciting the defensive attacks.
And, it turns out that the caterpillar feeds on a leaf on the same plant, as far away from the nest as possible!
1.What do we know about caterpillars and hummingbirds from the passage?
A. They belong to the same species.
B. They are natural enemies of each other.
C. They are insects and birds respectively.
D. They compete against each other for territory.
2.Hummingbirds will show their mobbing behaviors when visitors____.
A. are picking flowers B. are chasing each other
C. interrupt their eating leaves D. set foot on their territories
3.Why is neither the hummingbird nor the caterpillar willing to withdraw at first?
A. Because the hummingbird is trying to finish its leafy meal.
B. Because the caterpillar is protecting the hummingbird’s nest.
C. Because they behave in this way out of their own interest.
D. Because there is a green parrot snake watching them.
4.A tiny caterpillar robot can be used to____.
A. imitate the anti-snake behavior
B. test nest-defending birds’ responses
C. take control of the snake’s behavior
D. guard against the defensive attacks
Are you having so much of work to finish and are unable to keep your home clean and healthy? Don’t worry. Robotic vacuum cleaners are here to help you in cleaning.
The robotic vacuum cleaners are outfitted with sensors, motherboard, Wi-Fi, and lasers to navigate across the home by themselves. They are made so small that they undoubtedly creep under the furniture, cupboards, beds, carpets and so on to detect and clean the dust. Whereas the robotic vacuum cleaners don’t require any help from you， you just need to set it and then carry on your work such as cooking， painting, office work, etc. as it can efficiently clean without any supervision. If their batteries die off, they will automatically go to the charge station and get charged.
The robotic vacuum cleaners make very little noise when compared to that of the standard vacuum cleaners. To collect all the dirt and grime that has been cleaned, these robotic vacuum cleaners come with a built-in waste bin. You can with no difficulty clean this inbuilt dustbin and can reuse them again and again.
The problematic thing with the standard vacuum cleaner is that the vacuum bags are costly and has to be replaced once in 60 days. That is why it is best to invest your money in purchasing the robotic vacuum cleaner. Its purchase price may be a little high, but once you buy it, the maintenance cost will be decreased with so many other benefits.
There are different types of robotic vacuum cleaners on the market right now in different sizes. Make a wise decision and buy the best robotic vacuum cleaner that can fulfill all your requirements so that you can be happy and hygienic (卫生的).
1.The underlined word “navigate” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to____.
A. plot the path B. reduce noise
C. collect information D. charge the battery
2.The robotic vacuum cleaners beat the standard ones in the following aspects EXCEPT that____.
A. they are cheaper and smaller in size
B. they cost less for maintenance
C. they make less noise when working
D. they are more intelligent and efficient
3.Which of the following best summarizes Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. The original design of robotic vacuum cleaners.
B. The technical theory of robotic vacuum cleaners.
C. The features of robotic vacuum cleaners.
D. The functions of robotic vacuum cleaners.
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1.What is the selling point of the Urban Blue?
A. It was made when Nixon was in office.
B. It is the most precise watch in the world.
C. It is designed by the company's own engineers.
D. It is high in quality but amazingly low in price.
2.To guarantee customers’ satisfaction，the watch producer promises that .
A. they will reduce the engineering time in the future
B. they will sell the watch always at a price of $29
C. customers can wear the watch on trial for 3 months
D. customers can return the watch for a full refund within 30 days
After graduation, Susan was asked to become the executive director of the Floating Hospital. She __ at first, as it was a very big job and she didn’t know if she could __it. But finally, she __.While her job was rewarding, she soon got tired of it. When she sat at her desk one day, the __ came into her mind to go down to the New School for Social Research.__she was learning to trust her intuition (直觉)，she decided to have a go.
Without any forethought, she titled the __ ‘Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway’. Susan was __ as she faced the first session of the twelve-week course. The two hours went well, but she then was challenged with a __ fear, for she didn’t know what to teach the next week. But every week she found she had more to say. And her __ level grew. She realized she had learned so much over the years about __ fear. And her students were drinking it up. At the end of the course, they were __ at how shifting their thinking really changed their lives.
Susan __ decided to write a book based on the course she had taught. She faced many roadblocks. And after four agents and fifteen __from various publishers, she __ put the proposal in a drawer.
After three years of writing, she was going through the drawer that __her much-rejected book proposal. Picking it up, she had a(n) __ sense that she held something in her hands that many people __ to read. So, she set out with much __ to find a publisher who believed in her book the __ way she did. This time, she succeeded. She succeeded __ her wildest dreams.
She was so happy she followed her heart and never gave up overcoming fears that stood in her way.
1.A. admitted B. wondered C. hesitated D. recognized
2.A. help B. handle C. hatch D. have
3.A. explained B. paused C. ignored D. agreed
4.A. thought B. chance C. approach D. demand
5.A. While B. Since C. If D. Though
6.A. book B. talk C. speech D. course
7.A. nervous B. energetic C. delicate D. depressed
8.A. general B. constant C. pure D. new
9.A. balance B. confidence C. happiness D. success
10.A. handing over B. taking over C. getting over D. looking over
11.A. relieved B. puzzled C. amazed D. amused
12.A. eventually B. gradually C. originally D. temporarily
13.A. rejections B. applications C. indications D. restrictions
14.A. hopefully B. swiftly C. unconsciously D. unwillingly
15.A. held B. emptied C. removed D. supported
16.A. vague B. slight C. acute D. basic
17.A. happened B. afforded C. agreed D. needed
18.A. determination B. hesitation C. satisfaction D. imagination
19.A. right B. ideal C. same D. obvious
20.A. within B. beyond C. behind D. through
