Most people have had songs stuck in their heads at some point. The scientific name for this is involuntary musical imagery (INMI), which simply means that the people do not choose to keep the songs in their heads. Experts have nicknamed this condition “earworm,” even though it is not an actual worm, and it does not take place in the ear. Rather, it takes place in the memory centers of the brain. It occurs when a catchy tune “sticks” in a person’s mind. What makes a song stick depends on the individual. Some people get stuck on their favorite songs, while others end up fixated (念念不忘的) on songs they find annoying.
Nobody knows exactly why, a particular song gets caught in a person’s brain. It can be brought on after recently hearing a song, or it can be started by a memory. Although earworm can happen to anyone at any time, certain people are more likely than others to suffer from it. Most commonly, musicians experience it, but people who simply listen to music more frequently than others are also more prone to (倾向于) earworm.
No evidence has proven one effective cure, but anything that disturbs the brain can help. The best way to shift the brain is to occupy it with a new activity. For example, actively chewing gum might switch the brain’s focus from the repeating song to the moving jaw. Engaging in a task that requires concentration can remove the annoying earworm as well. However, if the task requires too much effort, it can actually make the earworm last, because the mind tends to wander to escape the difficulty of the job at hand.
While earworm can be very annoying, there is no evidence that suggests it is actually harmful. In fact, some experts are studying earworm to see what they can learn about memory centers. After all, these songs repeat automatically with no effort. What if science could apply this information to learning? What if everyone could learn new things without having to try so hard? If scientists can figure out how to tap into this type of memory, learning might look different in the future.
1.Which description is right about earworm?
A. It is shaped like an insect in the ear.
B. It results from listening to amazing songs.
C. It is a nickname for a disease called INMI.
D. It is a condition happening in one’s brain.
2.Who is more likely to suffer from earworm?
A. A brain scientist. B. A retired physicist.
C. A famous painter. D. A pop music fan.
3.Which of the following activity can stop earworm effectively?
A. Reflecting on the song. B. Going on listening to a song
C. Enjoying a tasty snack. D. Solving a hard math problem.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Earworm may make learning less painful.
B. Earworm has little to do with memory.
C. Earworm can be cured by the scientists.
D. Earworm does more good than harm.
The discussion on renewable energy has been going on for at least a decade and people have relied on fossil fuels almost entirely for more than a century. However, the situation when fossil fuels were the most efficient and the cheapest source of energy has been left far in the past. Many countries such as Germany and Sweden have already made significant efforts to fix this situation, employing numerous power plants working on the renewable resources of energy. The most effective among these resources is geothermal (地热的) energy.
Geothermal energy does not depend on the world’s economic and political situation as strongly as fossil fuels do. Besides, extracting (提炼) fossil fuels adds to the price of energy produced from them. Therefore, geothermal energy is much cheaper than traditional ones, saving up to 80% of the costs over fossil fuels.
Being a renewable resource, geothermal energy produces less waste and pollution than traditional energy sources. In geothermal systems, carbon dioxide makes up about 10% of air produced. Overall, in order to produce the electricity that can be used for one hour, the geothermal systems produce 0.1 pound of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. For a comparison, a power plant producing from gas produces up to 2 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and those power plants that work on coal (煤) produce an astonishing 3.6 pounds of greenhouse gases.
Low costs is another reason why using geothermal power plants should be the first choice for many countries. Geothermal heat systems require 25% to 50% less energy for work compared with the traditional systems for heating or cooling. Besides, geothermal equipment is less big: due to the very nature of geothermal energy, geothermal power plants have only a few moving parts, all of which can be easily sheltered inside a relatively small building. What’s more, the life span of geothermal equipment is rather long. All these make geothermal power stations easy to build and keep.
1.Fossil fuels are more expensive than geothermal energy partly because _______.
A. it is free to use geothermal energy
B. fossil fuels are nearly used up
C. the production of fossil fuels costs a lot
D. geothermal energy doesn’t depend on political situation
2.According to Paragraph 3, what can be concluded from the comparison?
A. Coal is much more efficient than gas.
B. Gas and coal are often used to produce electricity.
C. Geothermal energy is environmentally friendly.
D. The geothermal systems don’t produce harmful gases.
3.Geothermal equipment is usually not as big as that of traditional energy because of ________.
A. the nature of geothermal energy B. geothermal power plants
C. life span of geothermal equipment D. the small buildings
4.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Many countries have benefited from geothermal energy.
B. Geothermal energy is well accepted.
C. Geothermal energy has many advantages.
D. Fossil fuels are being run out of.
Northern Ireland Visitor Guide
Passport/Visa Requirements
Passport Advice Line (UK) T: 0300 222 000
www.ips.gov.uk
UK nationals can travel without a passport but will need photographic identification. Passports are not required for travel between Northern Ireland and the Republic. For further information, contact the British Embassy in your country of origin.
Telephone
To call Northern Ireland from abroad, dial 0044 + area code (without 0) + local number. From the Republic of Ireland, dial 048 + area code(without 0) + local number. From elsewhere in UK or to make an internal call, dial area code (with 0) + local number. To call the Republic from Northern Ireland, dial 00353 + the area code (without 0) +local number.
Shopping
Victoria Square, Castle Court and many Belfast City centre stores have extended opening hours from 09:00 until 19:00 each weekday evening. Thursday is late night shopping until 21:00. On Sundays shops are open from 12:00/13:00 and stay open until 17:00/18:00.
Public Holidays
Banks are closed and transport services are reduced on public holidays. See www.discovemorthermrcland.com for up-to-date details.
Money
Sterling currency. Most large stores accept Euro. Main credit cards are in general use but bring cash too. In main towns, bank hours are 09:30-16:30. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) dispense cash at hundreds of locations, banks, garages and shopping centres. Bureau de Change are in larger bank branches, travel agents, the Belfast Welcome Centre, some other tourist information centres, big hotels and at a few visitor attractions.
Tipping
Check your bill to see if a service charge has been made. If not and you’re satisfied with the service, add 10-15%.
Left Luggage
T: +44 (0)28 9024 6609
Belfast Welcome Centre is the only place that provides this service. £ 3 per item for up to 4hrs. £4.50 4hrs+. Last pick up is 15 minutes before closing.
Medical Insurance
T: 0845 606 0707
(UK), +44 (0) 191 212 7500 www.ehic.org.uk
You need to obtain a European Health Insurance card (EHIC) which will allow you to access state-provided healthcare in all European Economic Area (EEA) countries at a reduced cost or sometimes free of charge. You can apply online at their website or by telephone. Visitors are strongly advised to take out private travelinsurance.
Emergency Services
Dial 999 for emergency services. If your passport is lost or stolen, contact the local police station, embassy or consulate.
All Ireland Information
For details on the rest of Ireland visit: www.diseoverireland.com.
1.If Jack wants to call his friend in Northern Ireland from London, he should dial ________.
A. are code (with 0) + local number
B. 048 + area code (without 0) + local number
C. 0044 + area code (without 0) + local number
D. 00353 + the area code (without 0) + local number
2.While travelling in Northern Ireland, you ________.
A. can shop until 21:00 on Thursdays
B. needn’t leave a tip after receiving service
C. can use American dollars to buy what you want
D. can draw money from banks from 9:00 to 16:30 every day
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the above Visitor Guide?
A. A German needn’t a passport to travel in Northern Ireland.
B. A visitor can dial 999 in emergency situations while in Northern Ireland.
C. Any European can get healthcare in Northern Ireland at a reduced cost or free of charge.
D. A visitor will be charged £ 3 for leaving luggage in Belfast Welcome Centre for 6 hours.
假如你是李华，你们班同学打算本周六去爬长城，请你给外教Chris写一封信，邀请他参加此次活动。请包括以下内容：
1. 介绍活动的相关信息（时间、集合地点、交通工具等）；
2. 携带物品（午餐、相机、雨伞等）。
注意: 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Janice,
It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some problems. As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many money. And I started to see this as a time-wasting activity! In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Yours,
Grace
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping was born in 1930.Since he graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953,he1.(devote)his life to finding ways2.(grow)more and more rice.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time3.(hungry)was a serious problem in many parts of the countryside. Yuan searched 4. a way to increase rice harvests without 5.(expand) the areas of the fields.In 1950,Chinese farmers could produce about 56 million tons of rice.In6.recent harvest,however,nearly 200 million tons of rice were produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world’s people7.(feed)from just 7% of the farmland in the world.Yuan LongPing is now circulating his knowledge in India and many other less8.(develop)countries to increase their rice harvests.9.(thank)to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world10.hunger.Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
