假如你是李华，你的笔友Bob将从加拿大来长沙看你。你将和你的好友林涛一起陪同Bo...

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Oprah Winfrey is not just an  1. (extreme) successful TV personality in the US, but she is also a woman who  2. (inspire) millions so far. In her television shows she makes  3. possible to talk about great moments and difficulties in people’s lives. She has helped thousands of men and women come to terms with things  4. bother them and that they could not talk about with others. Oprah’s programme about literature, 5. which she reviews books, is very popular. When she praises a book, it  6. (become) a best-seller. Her life and her success are  7.good example for many women.

Oprah Winfrey’s wonderful career inspires many people  8. (believe) that success and  9. (happy) in life are within reach for everyone. Her life shows  10. (we) that hard work and discipline are the road to self-improvement, and success lies somewhere along that road.

One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”

I thought for a minute, and then I said, “I’ll explain,________you can just wait until we make a quick________at the grocery store. I have something________to show you. ”

At the grocery store, we________some apples—red, green and yellow ones. Back home. I told Adam, “It’s time to________your question.” I put one apple of each________on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a________look on his face.

“People are like apples. They come in all________colors, shapes and sizes. On the________, some of the apples may not________look as delicious as the others.” As I was talking, Adam was________each one carefully.

Then, I took each of the apples and peeled (削皮) them,________them back on the table, but________a different place.

“Okay, Adam, tell me which is which”

He said, “I________tell. They all look the same now.” “Take a bite of________. See if that helps you________which one is which. ”

He took________, and then a huge smile came across his face. “People are________like apples! They are all different, but once you________the outside, they’re pretty much the same on the inside.”

He totally________it. I didn’t need to say or do anything else.

1.A. although    B. so    C. because    D. if

2.A. stop    B. start    C. turn    D. stay

3.A. challenging    B. encouraging    C. disappointing    D. interesting

4.A. bought    B. counted    C. saw    D. collected

5.A. check    B. mention    C. answer    D. improve

6.A. size    B. type    C. shape    D. class

7.A. worried    B. satisfied    C. proud    D. curious

8.A. ordinary    B. normal    C. different    D. regular

9.A. outside    B. whole    C. table    D. inside

10.A. still    B. even    C. only    D. ever

11.A. examining    B. measuring    C. drawing    D. packing

12.A. keeping    B. placing    C. puling    D. giving

13.A. on    B. toward    C. for    D. in

14.A. mustn’t    B. can’t    C. shouldn’t    D. needn’t

15.A. each one    B. each other    C. the other    D. one other

16.A. admit    B. consider    C. decide    D. believe

17.A. big bites    B. deep breaths    C. a firm hold    D. a close look

18.A. just    B. always    C. merely    D. seldom

19.A. put away    B. get down    C. hand out    D. take off

20.A. made    B. took    C. got    D. did

How to Turn Your Goals into Habits

First we make our habits, then our habits make us. It’s such a simple concept, yet it’s something we don’t always do.

I believe that having ONE goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals. By putting the belief into practice, I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time.1.. My answer takes a little explaining. I try to turn my goals into habits, and in doing so! I put my goals on autopilot (自动化). Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it for at least a month. The more you can focus, the more it’ll be on autopilot.2.. You’ll still do it, but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it, and you can focus on your next goal or habit.

Take my marathon goal as an example. I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year. So that was my goal.3.. First, I had to make running a daily habit. Second, I had to report to people in order to have accountability (负责) so that I could not quit easily. I focused on the daily running habit for about a month, and didn’t have any other goals or habits. When the running habit stuck, I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day.

4.. I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon. I still had to do the running, of course, but it didn’t require constant focus. And eventually, I ran the first marathon in my life. I was able to achieve this because, all year long, I had daily running and accountability habits.5., so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year, I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals.

A. I put my marathon goal on autopilot

B. At the beginning, it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal

C. But in order to achieve it, I broke it down into two habits

D. With this accountability, there’s no way I could stop running

E. Once you put it on autopilot, you don’t have to focus on it much

F. My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects

G. Once those two habits were established, my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot

Whenever we see a button, we are eager to press it because we know something will happen. This is true in most cases, for example on a doorbell and on the “on/off” button on the TV. But some buttons are actually fake, like the “close” button on a lift.

Many people are in the habit of pressing the “close” button because they don’t have the patience to wait for the lift doors to shut. But lifts, “close” buttons are a complete scam, at least in the US—the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press.

It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the US, making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter. Only US firefighters and repairmen can use the buttons to speed up the door-closing process if they have a code or special keys.

But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren’t completely useless. According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control.

“Perceived (能够感知的) control is very important. It reduces stress and increases well-being,” Ellen J. Langer, a psychology professor, said, “Having a lack of control is associated with depression.”

Experts have revealed that a lot of buttons that don’t do anything exist in our lives for this same purpose. For example, many offices in the US have fake thermostats (温度调节器) because people tend to feel better when they think they can control the temperature in their workspace.

But psychologists found it interesting that even when people are aware of these little “white lies”, they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort.

“That habit is here to stay,” John Kounios, a psychology professor, said, ‘‘Even though I have real doubts about the traffic light buttons, I always press them. After all, I’ve got nothing else to do while waiting. So why not press the button in the hope that this one will work?”

1.What was the author’s main purpose in writing the article?

A. To describe some different kinds of fake buttons.

B. To analyze the functions of fake buttons.

C. To explore people’ different habits when it comes to pushing buttons.

D. To explain the advantages and disadvantages of fake buttons.

2.What does the underlined word “scam” mean?

A. Trick.    B. Tool.    C. Button.    D. Scan.

3.According to John Kounios, people who press fake buttons ______.

A. don’t know that what they press is fake

B. should give up this habit

C. consider what they do to be meaningless

D. probably do so to kill time

Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.

In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men went to colleges. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them become ministers or teachers.

In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.

As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.

Today there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’ offer it all.

1.From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years, ______.

A. those colleges and universities were almost the same

B. people, young or old, might study in the colleges

C. the students studied only some languages and science

D. when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers

2.As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach ______.

A. everything that was known

B. law and something about medicine

C. many new subjects

D. the subjects that interested students

3.On the whole, the passage is about ______.

A. how to start a university

B. the world-famous colleges in America

C. how colleges have changed

D. what kind of lessons each college teaches