阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If a little humanlike robot begged you not to shut it off, would you show sympathy?
In an experiment 1. (intend) to find out how people treat robots when they act like humans, many participants struggled to power down a begging robot named Nao. 2. experiment was conducted by researchers in Germany, whose findings 3. (publish) in the scientific journal PLOSOne.
Nao, 4. was designed to beg about half of the participants not to switch it off but not the other half, was used 5. (measure) if his begging affected how people reacted.
In one previous experiment, researchers found that people preferred communicating with robots with complementary (互补的) personality characteristics to 6. (they) own. And since robots can exhibit social characteristics either 7. (speak) with human voices or taking the shape of a human body, the research suggests that people tend to react “8. (especial) social to them.”
The researchers said a possible 9. (explain) for their results was that people regarded Nao’s begging 10. “a sign of making its own decision.”
Danielle was living in a new city with no local bank of her own. She desperately needed to _____ a bank to cash her paycheck. For more than two weeks, she made ____ one after another but in vain. How could she continue to ____ herself and her two children as a single mother?
Taking a break from her ____, Danielle decided to attend a meeting at the local women’s resource center. The women there had been a strong source of encouragement since she fled her home ____ for her safety. Sitting next to Danielle, Amy began to share the details of her ____ situation. She was just days away from ____ her home and her car. Her phone and electric services were both scheduled to be ____. Her husband had gambled away their money. She had nothing left. Nothing!
As Amy described the degree of the situation, Danielle ____ God’s soft whisper in her heart: “After the meeting, give Amy twenty dollars.” Danielle immediately thought, “But I can’t lonely have forty dollars.” She heard the ____ again. Danielle knew she needed to follow. When the meeting ____, she reached in to her purse and ____ handed twenty dollars to Amy. Knowing Danielle’s situation, Amy was ____ to accept it at first. But as a crowd of women ____ to give Amy hugs of support, Danielle told her that God wanted her to have it. Then Danielle left.
Now with just twenty dollars left in her wallet, Danielle decided to ____ cashing her pay check at just one more bank before heading home. ____ she expected the rejection she had received at so many other banks, she was ____ filled with renewed confidence and optimism. Hopefully, she walked in to the bank next to the women’s center. Moments later, the bank ____ her pay check with no questions asked. Wearing a big smile, Danielle returned home.
As for Danielle, it has been three years since that day. Realizing true hope has no ____, she continues to be ____ for the life time supply that she received for just twenty dollars.
1.A. select B. consult C. find D. search
2.A. decisions B. attempts C. choices D. appointments
3.A. encourage B. believe C. comfort D. support
4.A. struggles B. ambitions C. failures D. experiences
5.A. in debt B. in fear C. in public D. in doubt
6.A. desperate B. similar C. unique D. social
7.A. ruining B. leaving C. missing D. losing
8.A. reduced B. abolished C. cancelled D. changed
9.A. received B. found C. heard D. felt
10.A. story B. advice C. order D. voice
11.A. concluded B. followed C. lasted D. agreed
12.A. politely B. quietly C. happily D. sadly
13.A. unlikely B. eager C. unwilling D. embarrassed
14.A. intended B. approached C. managed D. continued
15.A. avoid B. consider C. risk D. try
16.A. While B. If C. But D. Since
17.A. anyhow B. somehow C. therefore D. otherwise
18.A. counted B. checked C. tested D. cashed
19.A. cost B. cause C. price D. purpose
20.A. ready B. thankful C. welcome D. fortunate
Have you ever imagined the benefits that a good memory can bring to you? 1. Here are four ways to improve your memory.
2. There is evidence that sleep plays a vital role in the consolidation of memories relating to learning motor skills, such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike. Having a full night’s sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps consolidate the processes involved, so they can later be performed well.
It’s rewarding to continue education. Older people are often told to adopt a “use it or lose it” approach to maintaining cognitive (认知的) function. 3. In a 2016 study, US researchers found participants aged 60-90 who spent 15 hours a week for three months learning a complex skill, such as digital photography, saw significant improvements in memory tests.
Taking a break counts. 4. More than a century ago, German scientists showed that people performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.
It’s useful to stay social. Having an active social life delays memory loss as we age, US scientists who asked people in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year between 2001 and 2007 found the decline in recall abilities of their most sociable subjects to be half that of the least well connected. 5.
A. Sleeping well helps strengthen memories.
B. Old people should participate in easy activities
C. Yoga, meditation or other relaxation techniques may help.
D. Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesn’t have enough rests to sharpen them.
E. In fact, when it comes to memory, research suggests that only certain types of mental activities help.
F. Being able to remember important pieces of information can give you a powerful advantage in your life.
G. Having good friends, volunteering for charities and other forms of social engagement also protect memory.
Babies teach their older brothers and sisters empathy (移情), according to a new research. Empathy means understanding and entering others’ feelings. Until now, younger kids have generally been regarded to learn plenty from their older brothers or sisters but don’t give back much. But this study, published in Child Development, confirms that younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) ensure their big brothers and sisters don’t grow into disgusting people—no easy task.
“Although it’s assumed that older siblings and parents are the primary socializing influences on younger siblings’ development but not vice versa, we found that both younger and older siblings positively contributed to each other’s empathy over time,” study co-author Marc Jambon said in a statement. Prior sibling studies have focused on the influence of older brothers and sisters, probably because their impact is most obvious. As one review of literature notes, studies have shown that older siblings influence everything from their younger siblings’ motor development to their risk of smoking later in life. And although separated studies have tried to pin down effects that younger siblings have on their older siblings, the influence of baby brothers and sisters remains unclear.
For this new study, Jambon and his colleagues recruited (招募) a diverse group of 452 Canadian sibling pairs between the ages of 18 months and four years. At the start of the study, individual researchers assessed children’s baseline empathy levels by visiting the kids at home and then pretending to hurt themselves or break a valuable item. Eighteen months later, they found small but significant increases in empathy.
One unexpected exception—older sisters did not appear to experience increased empathy after 18 months living with their little brothers, specifically. The researchers aren’t sure why this exception appeared, and they recommend that future studies dive into more complex phenomena.
1.What has been found in the new research?
A. Young kids could show more sympathy for others.
B. Young siblings know more about empathy than the older.
C. Younger kids can learn a lot from their older brothers or sisters.
D. Younger siblings could contribute to their older ones’ empathy.
2.What does Mare Jambon say about kids’ empathy development?
A. Siblings influence each other in a positive way.
B. Parents play a more important role than teachers.
C. older siblings have far more obvious influences.
D. Younger siblings make much smaller contribution.
3.What does the underlined words “pin down” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Assess. B. Limit.
C. Confirm. D. Reduce.
4.What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?
A. It offers no exceptions.
B. It appears to be under control.
C. It needs to be carried out further
D. It is recognized to be scientific
As I enter my 40s, I’ve noticed many of my parents’ generation think social networking is something they are simply unable to understand. They fear that, should they try, they will somehow get it wrong; they will say the wrong thing, do the wrong thing or behave in a way that causes embarrassment. But there are some secrets of social media for them to consider.
Here’s the first secret: everyone feels this way. I recently met a young actor who was complaining that her work demands that she join Microblog, but she always feels like she doesn’t have anything smart to say. It’s the same resistance (抵制). I hear from the older generation, who, however, have somehow believed that age is the barrier (障碍), rather than the differences of personal taste.
Here’s the second secret: everybody uses it for more or less the same reasons. Older generations often sign up to stay in touch with children and relatives. We talk about this kind of communication like it’s some old-fashioned activity, but it is exactly why younger people use social media. The truth is that most people use social media to gently keep an eye on one another, to see how those they care about are doing without needing to ring them up on the phone every night.
And this is the last secret: everyone gets to use them in their own way. Newcomers—younger and older—who worry about “getting it right” are thinking that there’s a right way to get them. But actually there isn’t. Personally, I talk a lot on Microblog. And some people post nothing and they use social media every day as readers. Social media companies would rather see people decorating their networks with pictures and posts, but there’s no rule against being a fly on the wall. It’s also a fine way to get involved.
Were quick to forget that the web wasn’t invented by 13-year-olds; it was created by today’s seniors. I’d never try forcing those with no interest in social networks to use Microblog. But don’t let the talk of age divides put you off. There’s nothing to stop the older generation from joining in the network their own generation created.
1.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To share with us his personal experience using social media.
B. To explain why the old generation don’t use social media.
C. To free the old generation from fearing using social media.
D. To tell us a few secrets of social media that he discovered.
2.The expression “a fly on the wall” in the 4th paragraph refers to .
A. people who prefer reading online books
B. people who cause trouble to others
C. people who post many fancy pictures
D. people who simply observe others’ posts
3.According to the author, which is a reason for old people’s fear using social media?
A. They believe they may be trapped in embarrassing situations.
B. They have no particular interest in social networking.
C. They prefer staying in touch with relatives in real life.
D. They have no idea which contents to post online.
4.Which of the following may best describe the structure of this passage?
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
As health care costs continue to rise, a growing number of companies are working out programs designed to keep their employees healthy.
Thomas Chapple is the senior vice president. “It’s really important to us because medical costs are going up like crazy, he says. This company spends more than 200 million a year on medical costs for its employees around the country. The best thing we have seen as a way to control the medical cost is individual fitness.”
We have a fitness center, “Shawn Flaherty, director of public relations for Freddie Mac.,” says, “We have a health benefits plan that encourages people to work out three times a week, get cholesterol (胆固醇) checks, as well as ‘not to smoke.’ If they do that, it will cost them less for the health benefits.”
Rachelle Clark works for Freddie Mac. “I feel great. You know the benefit is rewarding. I like to look good and feel healthy. I am just fortunate that I work for the company that provides some type of facility for the employees.”
While on-site fitness centers are popular, some companies pay membership fees at local gyms for employees. The companies also offer classes such as boxing, yoga and dancing. Employees see those health programs as a valuable benefit.
Tom Brook exercises five days a week. As a newspaper reporter he has a tight schedule, although Tom says it’s not that difficult for him to make time for a workout. “It is great. It is right here where we work,” says Tom, “So everybody gets a chance to use it whenever they want to. I have lost weight and never been in better shape.”
The programs may not be a magic cure for rising health costs, but they seem to have a positive impact on both employers and employees.
1.What’s the best way to cut the medical cost according to Shawn Flaherty?
A. To reduce the number of employees around the country.
B. To encourage the employees to work out to keep fit.
C. To set up fitness centers of their own.
D. To pay membership fees at local gyms for the employees.
2.Why does the writer cite (引用) what Rachelle Clark and Tom Brook say?
A. To explain how to use the fitness centers.
B. To show how effective physical exercise is.
C. To show the employees welcome the health programs.
D. To persuade more employers to set up health centers.
3.Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the underlined part?
A. The programs may not solve the health costs problem completely.
B. The programs may keep the health costs rising.
C. The programs may not cost a large amount of money.
D. The programs may cure all kinds of patients like magic.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A. How difficult it is to reduce health care costs
B. Why and how companies encourage their employees to keep fit.
C. . What causes the health care costs to rise year by year.
D. How people keep healthy by doing exercise in their working places.
