Three-day－old Oskar Lunde sleeps in a small bed at an Estonian(爱沙尼亚) hospital.
Across the room, his father turns on a laptop computer. "Now we will register our child, "Andrei Lunde says as he lifts his identification card into the card reader. His wife, Olga, looks on. And just like that, Oskar is Estonia’s newest citizen. No paper. No time spent standing in a line.
Estonia has launched a project to make government administration completely digital. The goal is to reduce the size of the government work force, open up the decision-making process and fuel economic growth.
Need medicine ?Reach for a computer and send an email or text message to a doctor. Need help from the local government? Click on a link to the government websites…
Estonia has created a system that supports electronic authentication(身份验证) and digital signatures. It provides paperless communications for both the government and private industry.
However, there are a few things that one cannot do electronically in Estonia: marry, end a marriage or buy and sell property. That is only because the government has decided it is very important to show up in person for some big life events. When Estonia declared independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991, it had to build a new economy. Government leaders looked for an industry where the country could compete. They decided on information technology and the Internet.
When the poor country needed to replace a 1930s phone system, former President Toomas Hendrik Ilves rejected the offer of a free analog(模拟) system from Finland and argued for a digital one.
Last year, information and communications made up 5.9 percent of the economy. The government hopes to increase that figure with an "e-residency " program that lets businessmen around the world register their businesses in Estonia, thus gaining a presence in the European Union. More than 51, 000 people from 167 countries have registered at a cost of only 100 euros, or＄114 each.
1.What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A. To provide background information of the topic.
B. To attract readers’ attention to the topic
C. To describe the daily life of an Estonian
D. To offer some basic knowledge of Estonia
2.In which case shall people show up in person in Estonia?
A. Registering a newly born baby. B. Registering a business
C. Purchasing a house. D. Signing a name.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The "e-residency "program didn't work in practice
B. The "e-residency" program appeals to native Estonians
C. People register businesses in Estonia at very low prices
D. Estonia used to be a member state of the European Union.
4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Estonian Government Aims to End Paperwork
B. "e-residency" Program Fuels Estonian Economy
C. Estonia Is Becoming Stronger With IT Industry
D. Government Administration Is Going Digital
A thrilling polar competition between two adventurers to cross Antarctica alone, unsupported and unassisted had a happy ending with both explorers achieving the unprecedented feat (功绩).American professional athlete Colin O’Brady and British Army Captain Louis Rudd set off a mile apart at the same time on November 3, 2018, from the Atlantic coast with the aim to become the first person to ski across the remote continent alone.
Louis Rudd maintained the lead at first. However, O’Brady caught up with Rudd on November10 and never let the British man get close to him again. O’Brady was the first to conquer the 930 mile icy land, arriving at the Ross Ice Shelf on the Pacific coast by way of the South Pole on December 26, 2018. The 33-year-old spent 54 days skiing the world’s coldest continent while pulling a 300－pound sled(雪橇) with supplies.
Instead of leaving the harsh environment after completing the historic adventure, the explorer set up a tent on the world’s largest ice sheet and waited patiently for Rudd to complete the great undertaking. On December 29, just three days after O’Brady arrived, the British explorer finished his adventure, becoming the world’s second person to complete the solo casing of the frozen continent.
Rudd was not disappointed at being second since he never considered it to be a “race”. Besides, the 49 -year-old British Army Captain had a more selfless motive for attempting the feat. He was doing it in memory of his friend Henry Worsley, who had introduced him to polar exploration. The disaster happened while Worsley was trying to cross the continent alone in 2016. Rudd said, "I didn’t want to get drawn into a race. All that mattered to me was that I completed it, and that I skied solo and unsupported, carrying the tag with Henry’s name on it.”
After spending a few days camping 10 feet away from each other, the two adventurers were picked up by a helicopter to the South Pole scientific research station.
1.What do Colin O’Brady and Louis Rudd have in common?
A. They became the first explorers to cross Antarctica alone, unaided.
B. They became the first adventurers to ski across Antarctica
C. This is the first time that they have arrived at the South pole
D. They crossed Antarctica in honor of their friend Henry Worsley
2.What do you know about the first leg(第一段賽程) of the race？
A. O’Brady skied along with Louis Rudd side by side.
B. O’Brady's sled with food supplies broke down.
C. Louis Rudd lost the tag with Henry’s name on it.
D. O’Brady fell behind Louis Rudd for the first week
3.What can we infer about Henry Worsley?
A. He used to encourage O’ Brady to explore the Antarctic
B. He lost his life in a terrible traffic accident in 2016
C. He died while he was attempting to cross the Antarctic alone.
D. He helped Louis Rudd complete the historic adventure.
4.How did the two adventurers return to the South Pole scientific research station?
A. On foot. B. By air C. By land D. By water.
March1，2019
Dear Residents
RE. NOTICE OF CONSTRUCTION-SHORELINE EROSION PROTECTION
Sheet Pile Wall，Rip Rap Protection(抛石护岸) and Spot Repair on SA SU Road between Church and Jimmy Road, Tsawout First Nation. Our File: CPMS 6849
Beginning April 1, 2019, our community, Tsawout First Nation, will be beginning work on the Shoreline Erosion(侵蚀)Protection project along SA SU Road between Church and Jimmy Road. Workers employed by Donn Mann Excavating and Tsawout First Nation Public Works Department will be onsite working from 7: 00 am until 5: 00 pm daily Monday to Friday until September 30，2019.
PROJECT RELATED INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Traffic Delays -In order to safely and efficiently complete this construction item, there will be some lane(车道)restrictions. Car drivers must follow the polices orders, slow down the speed，and pass the construction area extremely cautiously. The construction item may cause traffic delays. We will make every effort to minimize any potential inconvenience and provide you with the latest notice when disruptions( 中断)must occur. Police and emergency vehicle access will be maintained at all times.
Truck Traffic -At times you will notice increased truck traffic in the construction area. Please be aware and use extra caution while driving
Vibration -You may experience some vibration at home during the construction. The shaky motion happens due to the work being done. We recommend that you remove or secure objects on shelves and walls.
This construction item is part of the Tsawout First Nation Shoreline Erosion Protection project that will be beginning in April 2019 and is expected to be completed by the end of 2019. Please see upcoming newsletters and notices for further updates.
Thank you for your patience and cooperation
Sincerely
Rob Mortin
Tsawout First Nation
1.How long will the construction item last?
A. bout 4 months. B. About 5 months. C. About 6 months. D. About 7 months.
2.What do you know about traffic regulations during the construction?
A. Car drivers shall pass through the construction area with great care
B. Only emergency vehicles can pass through the construction area
C. No vehicle will be allowed to pass through the construction area
D. All vehicles shall be checked before entering the construction area.
3.It is recommended that nearby residents should
A. avoid driving their vehicles in the rush-hours
B. make sure that their walls are in good condition
C. update upcoming newsletters and notices daily
D. have their photo frames taken down from the walls
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.When was Beijing awarded to host the 24th Winter Olympic Games?
A. On July 31st, 2015 B. On June 21st, 2015. C. On September 31st, 2015.
2.According to the recording, which of the following is true?
A. It is the second time for China to host the Winter Olympics.
B. the only city to have staged both Summer and Winter Olympics
C. It was Yang Yang that won the first gold medal for China.
3.How long will the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games approximately last?
A. For 31 days B. For 22 days C. For 17 days.
4.What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. History of Summer Olympic Games.
B. China and Winter Olympic Games.
C. Western athletes in Olympic Games
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.How did Mr lum help the man probably?
A. He gave him some money B. He helped him with study C. He offered him a part-time job.
2.Why couldn't the man go out with his friends before?
A. He had a part-time job to do.
B. He had to prepare for the exams.
C. He couldn't even pay for the bus fare
3.What does the man think of the club?
A. It's expensive. B. It's satisfying C. It’s troublesome
4.What advice does the man offer?
A. Opening more club rooms
B. Putting up notices in the campus.
C. Putting a letter box outside the club's room
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.What does the man say about the conference?
A. Not all the speakers were active B. Some of the topics were boring. C. It was well organized
2.Why does the man think having fewer people made a big difference?
A. They had enough time for all the speakers
B. They could make decisions more rapidly
C. They could save more money
3.What did people complain about?
A. The service of the restaurant B. The organizer of the conference. C. The location of the hotel
