How long could you stand on Antarctic ice before your bare feet froze solid? A minute. Maybe two? If you’re an emperor penguin, you can do it for two months in cruel winds at as low as-75 degrees Fahrenheit1., but their special circulation acts as a kind of antifreeze to keep them warm enough.
Penguin legs and feet have evolved to lose as little heat as possible. Penguin feet preserve heat by restricting blood flow in really cold weather, keeping foot temperature just above freezing2.
Blood vessels to and from the feet are very narrow and woven closely together, cooling the blood from the body on the way to the feet and heating the blood as it returns to the body.3. .
This special ability is part of how penguins keep their eggs warm until they hatch. Each penguin egg’s father balances it on his feet and covers it with his very warm layer of feathered skin to keep it cozy while females are out feeding at sea.4.. If females haven’t returned with food by time the chicks hatch, male penguins feed their babies for a few days on a kind of "milk" made from special cells inside their throats.
5.Your hands get whiter during freezing weather because there 's less blood in them which has been redirected to the central part of your body to make sure vital organs stay warm.
A. Penguin legs work like a heat exchange system
B. Those naked bird feet may look extremely cold
C. Therefore, the male penguins must stay together in groups
D. However, parenting doesn't stop there for these devoted fathers
E. Emperor penguins also have the ability to 'recycle’ their own body heat
F. Feet get cool blood so there’s less heat to lose, while the body stays warm and comfortable
G. In fact. humans have the ability to restrict blood flow to their hands and feet in cold weather too
Babies’main food is rice cereal. But it is often poisoned. Studies have found that many brands contain measurable amounts of inorganic arsenic(无机砷),the most poisonous kind. It's not just nice: an August 2018 study tested 50 foods made for babies. including organic and nonorganic brands such as Gerber, Earths Best, and other popular labels, and found evidence of at least one dangerous heavy metal in every product. Fifteen of the 50 contained enough contaminants(污染物)to pose potential health risks to a child eating one serving or less a day.
Heavy metals can damage cognitive(认知的 )development in children, who are especially at risk because of their smaller size. Inorganic arsenic in drinking water has been found to lower the IQ scores of children by five to six ills. And as heavy metals accumulate in the body over time. they can raise the risk of cancer, diabetes and other physical conditions. Of course, finding you’re your favorite brand is contaminated is not a reason to panic. Low levels of exposure for short periods are unlikely to cause serious effects, but parents should focus on reducing the overall levels of these poisonous substances in their children's total diet to limit harm.
Heavy metals occur naturally on Earth and are present in soil and water. But pesticides(杀虫剂), mining and pollution increase their concentrations, and farming and food manufacturing processes can contribute even more.
Food makers are clearly of keeping baby food poison-free: roughly a third of the tested products did not contain worrisome metal levels. Some companies are already trying to look into the sources of contamination in their products and try to reduce them. More companies should follow. But the best chance of real change will come with laws. Currently there are no U. S rules on acceptable levels of heavy metals in baby foods.
The government and the food industry should unite to deal with the serious threat to our children.
1.What did the August 2018 study find?
A. Fifteen of the 50 food brands contained contaminants
B. All organic food brands contained some inorganic arsenic.
C. Earth’s Best proved to be a poison-free baby food brand.
D. All tested products were contaminated with heavy metals.
2.According to the second paragraph, inorganic arsenic in drinking water has a bad effect on children's_____
A. intelligence B. behavior C. sight D. emotion
3.In the fourth paragraph, the writer indicates that_____
A. food storage is a major source of metal contamination in the food products
B. many food makers haven't taken enough safety steps to reduce metal levels
C. food makers should figure out the sources of contamination in their products
D. food companies must be banned from producing foods containing heavy metals
4.According to the writer, which of the following is the vital step to make a real difference to the worrying situation?
A. Stepping up baby food tests. B. Listing harmful heavy metals
C. Making out relevant regulations D. Punishing food law breakers.
Three-day－old Oskar Lunde sleeps in a small bed at an Estonian(爱沙尼亚) hospital.
Across the room, his father turns on a laptop computer. "Now we will register our child, "Andrei Lunde says as he lifts his identification card into the card reader. His wife, Olga, looks on. And just like that, Oskar is Estonia’s newest citizen. No paper. No time spent standing in a line.
Estonia has launched a project to make government administration completely digital. The goal is to reduce the size of the government work force, open up the decision-making process and fuel economic growth.
Need medicine ?Reach for a computer and send an email or text message to a doctor. Need help from the local government? Click on a link to the government websites…
Estonia has created a system that supports electronic authentication(身份验证) and digital signatures. It provides paperless communications for both the government and private industry.
However, there are a few things that one cannot do electronically in Estonia: marry, end a marriage or buy and sell property. That is only because the government has decided it is very important to show up in person for some big life events. When Estonia declared independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991, it had to build a new economy. Government leaders looked for an industry where the country could compete. They decided on information technology and the Internet.
When the poor country needed to replace a 1930s phone system, former President Toomas Hendrik Ilves rejected the offer of a free analog(模拟) system from Finland and argued for a digital one.
Last year, information and communications made up 5.9 percent of the economy. The government hopes to increase that figure with an "e-residency " program that lets businessmen around the world register their businesses in Estonia, thus gaining a presence in the European Union. More than 51, 000 people from 167 countries have registered at a cost of only 100 euros, or＄114 each.
1.What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A. To provide background information of the topic.
B. To attract readers’ attention to the topic
C. To describe the daily life of an Estonian
D. To offer some basic knowledge of Estonia
2.In which case shall people show up in person in Estonia?
A. Registering a newly born baby. B. Registering a business
C. Purchasing a house. D. Signing a name.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The "e-residency "program didn't work in practice
B. The "e-residency" program appeals to native Estonians
C. People register businesses in Estonia at very low prices
D. Estonia used to be a member state of the European Union.
4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Estonian Government Aims to End Paperwork
B. "e-residency" Program Fuels Estonian Economy
C. Estonia Is Becoming Stronger With IT Industry
D. Government Administration Is Going Digital
A thrilling polar competition between two adventurers to cross Antarctica alone, unsupported and unassisted had a happy ending with both explorers achieving the unprecedented feat (功绩).American professional athlete Colin O’Brady and British Army Captain Louis Rudd set off a mile apart at the same time on November 3, 2018, from the Atlantic coast with the aim to become the first person to ski across the remote continent alone.
Louis Rudd maintained the lead at first. However, O’Brady caught up with Rudd on November10 and never let the British man get close to him again. O’Brady was the first to conquer the 930 mile icy land, arriving at the Ross Ice Shelf on the Pacific coast by way of the South Pole on December 26, 2018. The 33-year-old spent 54 days skiing the world’s coldest continent while pulling a 300－pound sled(雪橇) with supplies.
Instead of leaving the harsh environment after completing the historic adventure, the explorer set up a tent on the world’s largest ice sheet and waited patiently for Rudd to complete the great undertaking. On December 29, just three days after O’Brady arrived, the British explorer finished his adventure, becoming the world’s second person to complete the solo casing of the frozen continent.
Rudd was not disappointed at being second since he never considered it to be a “race”. Besides, the 49 -year-old British Army Captain had a more selfless motive for attempting the feat. He was doing it in memory of his friend Henry Worsley, who had introduced him to polar exploration. The disaster happened while Worsley was trying to cross the continent alone in 2016. Rudd said, "I didn’t want to get drawn into a race. All that mattered to me was that I completed it, and that I skied solo and unsupported, carrying the tag with Henry’s name on it.”
After spending a few days camping 10 feet away from each other, the two adventurers were picked up by a helicopter to the South Pole scientific research station.
1.What do Colin O’Brady and Louis Rudd have in common?
A. They became the first explorers to cross Antarctica alone, unaided.
B. They became the first adventurers to ski across Antarctica
C. This is the first time that they have arrived at the South pole
D. They crossed Antarctica in honor of their friend Henry Worsley
2.What do you know about the first leg(第一段賽程) of the race？
A. O’Brady skied along with Louis Rudd side by side.
B. O’Brady's sled with food supplies broke down.
C. Louis Rudd lost the tag with Henry’s name on it.
D. O’Brady fell behind Louis Rudd for the first week
3.What can we infer about Henry Worsley?
A. He used to encourage O’ Brady to explore the Antarctic
B. He lost his life in a terrible traffic accident in 2016
C. He died while he was attempting to cross the Antarctic alone.
D. He helped Louis Rudd complete the historic adventure.
4.How did the two adventurers return to the South Pole scientific research station?
A. On foot. B. By air C. By land D. By water.
March1，2019
Dear Residents
RE. NOTICE OF CONSTRUCTION-SHORELINE EROSION PROTECTION
Sheet Pile Wall，Rip Rap Protection(抛石护岸) and Spot Repair on SA SU Road between Church and Jimmy Road, Tsawout First Nation. Our File: CPMS 6849
Beginning April 1, 2019, our community, Tsawout First Nation, will be beginning work on the Shoreline Erosion(侵蚀)Protection project along SA SU Road between Church and Jimmy Road. Workers employed by Donn Mann Excavating and Tsawout First Nation Public Works Department will be onsite working from 7: 00 am until 5: 00 pm daily Monday to Friday until September 30，2019.
PROJECT RELATED INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Traffic Delays -In order to safely and efficiently complete this construction item, there will be some lane(车道)restrictions. Car drivers must follow the polices orders, slow down the speed，and pass the construction area extremely cautiously. The construction item may cause traffic delays. We will make every effort to minimize any potential inconvenience and provide you with the latest notice when disruptions( 中断)must occur. Police and emergency vehicle access will be maintained at all times.
Truck Traffic -At times you will notice increased truck traffic in the construction area. Please be aware and use extra caution while driving
Vibration -You may experience some vibration at home during the construction. The shaky motion happens due to the work being done. We recommend that you remove or secure objects on shelves and walls.
This construction item is part of the Tsawout First Nation Shoreline Erosion Protection project that will be beginning in April 2019 and is expected to be completed by the end of 2019. Please see upcoming newsletters and notices for further updates.
Thank you for your patience and cooperation
Sincerely
Rob Mortin
Tsawout First Nation
1.How long will the construction item last?
A. bout 4 months. B. About 5 months. C. About 6 months. D. About 7 months.
2.What do you know about traffic regulations during the construction?
A. Car drivers shall pass through the construction area with great care
B. Only emergency vehicles can pass through the construction area
C. No vehicle will be allowed to pass through the construction area
D. All vehicles shall be checked before entering the construction area.
3.It is recommended that nearby residents should
A. avoid driving their vehicles in the rush-hours
B. make sure that their walls are in good condition
C. update upcoming newsletters and notices daily
D. have their photo frames taken down from the walls
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.When was Beijing awarded to host the 24th Winter Olympic Games?
A. On July 31st, 2015 B. On June 21st, 2015. C. On September 31st, 2015.
2.According to the recording, which of the following is true?
A. It is the second time for China to host the Winter Olympics.
B. the only city to have staged both Summer and Winter Olympics
C. It was Yang Yang that won the first gold medal for China.
3.How long will the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games approximately last?
A. For 31 days B. For 22 days C. For 17 days.
4.What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. History of Summer Olympic Games.
B. China and Winter Olympic Games.
C. Western athletes in Olympic Games
