Humans make mistakes. Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible. But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care, to be carried out by machines?
That's the idea behind surgical robots, which may soon perform most surgeries, from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures. Many of these operations are, in fact, already completed with the assistance of robots. But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further, performing on soft tissue completely on their own, from start to finish.
The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot（STAR）, successfully completed surgeries on pigs. "We're the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery, and when compared to standard operation, it's better, "says Peter Kim, professor of surgery. "The idea is not to replace surgeons；it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer. "
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body, or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22, 000 procedures. That's rare, but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.
In the da Vinci surgical system, surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar. The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons, and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience.
STAR, on the other hand, is entirely autonomous. It's not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible "hand", but it's able to react to the unexpected incidents. Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing, but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex. STAR reacts to a changing environment, similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway, but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.
1.The underlined word "infallible" in Paragraph 1probably means ______ .
A. quite smart B. really creative
C. rather responsible D. always right
2.We can learn from the passage that STAR ______ .
A. can perform the operation on its own
B. has been widely used in the operating room
C. can make surgeries much faster
D. will take the place of surgeons
3.In the da Vinci surgical system, ______ .
A. robots are trained from afar B. robots always make mistakes
C. surgery results depend on surgeons D. surgeons have trouble controlling robots
4.In the last paragraph, the author mentions self-driving cars in order to show ______ .
A. how smart an autonomous robot can be
B. how difficult self-driving on the highway is
C. how bad getting in another driver's way might be
D. how dangerous operating on people is.
You know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. You can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.
“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,” said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts-the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).
“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,” says Griffiths. “You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”
Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat or Instagram, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no internet,” says Griffiths.
1.Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?
A. We waste too much time on phones.
B. Phones have become part of some users.
C. Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.
D. Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.
2.According to Giffiths, we get nomophobia because .
A. we are accustomed to having a phone on us
B. we need our phones to help us store information
C. we worry we may miss out what our friends are doing
D. we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble
3.Where can you probably find the above passage?
A. In a research report. B. In a fashion brochure.
C. In a science textbook. D. In a popular science magazine.
When was the last time you told someone they inspire you to go to work each morning?
Teachers at Oak Park High School in Kansas City, Missouri, did just that this September, when they pulled individual students out of class to tell them just how much they appreciated them.
The students’ reactions, which were captured (捕捉) on video and shared on YouTube in a now-viral video, ranged from shy thanks to hugs and tears.
“I have been challenged to find a student who makes me want to come to school every day,” says one teacher in the video, “and that’s you.”
Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school’s academy program for at-risk sophomores （二年级学生）and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News.
“Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble,” McSparin told ABC News. “Any teacher-student interaction always seems to be negative (消极的), and that was something that bothered me, too. No matter if they’re a good kid or a trouble maker or anything, they always thought they were in trouble,” she says.
McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity.
“I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciated, because we do appreciate them, I just don’t think we say it enough,” she told local news outlet WDAF-TV.
It’s safe to say the challenge was effective.
“I feel special,” said one of the boys in the video. “You should,” said his teacher. “You are special.”
1.What does the underlined word “posed” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Presented. B. Rejected.
C. Ignored. D. Evaluated.
2.How did the students probably feel when pulled out of the classroom at first?
A. Nervous. B. Thrilled.
C. Curious. D. Encouraged.
3.What inspired McSparin to challenge the project?
A. The trouble caused by students.
B. The need of shooting the video.
C. A seminar named the power of positivity.
D. A program related to students’ interactions.
4.What message does this text mainly convey?
A. Challenge is unavoidable in life.
B. Everyone needs to be appreciated.
C. Positivity outweighs negativity.
D. News media contribute to students’ progress.
Not sure what gift to get your loved ones? Think technology! You may even find something special for yourself!
Mini Quadcopter
Would you like to have a flying toy, but lack space to fly one? Consider a Mini Quadcopter that is small enough to fit inside your hand. This Mini Quadcopter can be controlled to fly in any direction with its remote control. The Mini Quadcopter is available from Hammacher Schlemmer for $39.95.
Selfie Toaster
Does your sweetie like taking selfies and eating toast? Well, why not combine the two with the Selfie Toaster? The Selfie Toaster crates an image on the piece of toast so you can smile at yourself every morning. The Selfie Toaster is available from Etsy for $10.95.
Amazon Echo
Give the knowledge of the world with the Amazon Echo.
The advice can answer questions, tell you about weather conditions, tell jokes, play music and more. The Echo also acts as a Bluetooth speaker so you can connect your phone and listen to your favorite songs. The Echo is available from Amazon for $179.
Indoor Snowfall Light
Get into the spirit of the holiday season in your home with the Indoor Snowfall Light. The light shows snowflake shapes in your room to give you the feeling of a winter snowfall. You can control the speed of the snowfall, unlike the real whether. The Indoor Snowfall Light is available from Sharper Image for $59.99.
1.Who may be most interested in a Mini Quadcopter?
A. Drivers. B. Children.
C. Teachers. D. Housewives.
2.What’s the function of a Selfie Toaster?
A. It keeps your food fresh. B. It helps order your food.
C. It makes your picture prettier. D. It puts your image on your food.
3.You will need an Amazon Echo when you are ________.
A. at a meeting B. in the classroom
C. on a long trip D. having an interview
4.Which website is probably visited most at Christmas?
A. Etsy. B. Amazon.
C. Sharper Image. D. Hammacher Schlemmer.
2022年冬奥会将在北京举办，目前在全国招募志愿者，假如你是李华，你希望成为一名北京冬奥会志愿者．请根据以下提示给组委会写封英文申请信：
1．个人情况：年龄、性别、学历（高中）；
2．个人条件：英语好、爱好运动、善于交际、乐于助人、熟悉当地情况；
3．承诺：提供最佳服务．
注意：1． 词数100左右，开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯．
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is Li Hua．
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
语法填空
The past years1.（witness） great changes in China． So far， China has reached a stage2.we share leading positions in many fields． After about 800 years， the spirit of the Silk Road is still alive， which is thanks3.a proposal by Xi Jinxing in 2013． The initiative（倡议），4.（call） the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， aims to build a trade network． The president of Russia has expressed his5.（congratulate）．
More than 100 countries and organizations have joined the initiative， which covers about ﹩20 trillion﹣﹣﹣around one6. （three） of the world's GDP．
The popularity of the Belt and Road Initiative has7.（it） roots in the human desire to trade ideas and communicate． Just take a look at the Silk Road． Not only silk and other goods8. knowledge about science and technology was shared across the network． This included the four great inventions of the ancient China． It was also an early way for languages and9. （culture） development and became influenced by one another．
10.（hope）， the building of the Belt and Road promotes world peace and development．
