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Two years after announcing strict volunteer requirements for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and1.（realize） they could not get enough help for free， the Japanese ministry has instead turned to university and their vast human2.（resource）．

In the past few weeks， to encourage students to volunteer for the Olympics， a large number of universities3.（begin） to offer academic credits． According to a survey， 49 percent of universities in Tokyo-both 4.（nation） and private-are now considering that option．

While rewarding student volunteers 5.credits to advance their undergraduate programs6.（be） a nice gesture， the move also makes clear that the Olympic Committee does not want to pay for highly-skilled individuals7.must speak a foreign language， and work over ten full days--- Not to mention that they must pass 8.interview．

The move also raises the question of what it means to volunteer． It's quite obvious by now that there isn't enough people9.（fill） the 110，000 vacant positions．

Offering academic credits to Japanese students seems like the wrong way to encourage volunteerism， but precious time is going by for the Olympic Committee． If they cannot get the10.（require） 110，000 volunteers soon， an army of emotionless robots might just work．

    When I was a freshman in college I received a letter that forever opened a window in my soul． I had just started writing and the ______of my local county newspaper had been kind enough to ______some of my work． About a month later the _____ arrived．

Here is what it said． "You may not______me． We last saw each other in kindergarten and my ______moved the next year． We______get the county paper in the mail， though， and when I saw your name I had to write you． You see that first year in school was very______for me． I was a tiny，____， and ordinary-looking girl that the other children ______me every day． The thing I remember about you is that you______did． When we______to go out， the teacher always put me beside you and you would hold my hand as we______the street． You talked to me and played with me． You______me as a person， not someone different and I will be forever______for that． My whole life was______because of how you treated me all those years ago．"

I carefully wrote back to my kindergarten friend and we______for several years______the illness that she had ______with since childhood finally took her life． I will never forget， however， just how much that simple kindness I had shared______to her．

Every act of kindness we do______another's heart． Every bit of goodness we share makes the world a better place． Let's use that power and make both Earth and Heaven smile．

1.A. teacher B. director C. editor D. leader

2.A. print B. publish C. report D. check

3.A. newspaper B. message C. work D. letter

4.A. remember B. recognize C. hear D. forget

5.A. parents B. family C. school D. classmates

6.A. still B. also C. just D. even

7.A. busy B. happy C. difficult D. easy

8.A. honest B. naughty C. sunny D. sick

9.A. kidded B. helped C. hated D. beat

10.A. occasionally B. never C. seldom D. always

11.A. got up B. lined up C. ended up D. cheered up

12.A. adventured B. visited C. cleaned D. crossed

13.A. judged B. heard C. knew D. saw

14.A. grateful B. hopeful C. regretful D. skillful

15.A. harder B. better C. easier D. healthier

16.A. cooperated B. corresponded C. lived D. worked

17.A. after B. when C. before D. while

18.A. experienced B. studied C. treated D. struggled

19.A. meant B. done C. appeared D. got

20.A. discovers B. obtains C. enriches D. touches

    If you stayed up or had a bad night of sleep last night， you know it's difficult to stay awake in class today． Your teacher's voice might begin to sound like a lullaby（催眠曲）．1.To keep yourself awake， some tips are worth trying in class．

Sit in the front of the room． Why？2.Besides， it'll be easier to pay attention and participate when you're in the front． You'll also be near the people who are more likely to participate， and the sound of their voices might keep you awake．

3.Ask and answer questions and pay attention to the lecture． This will help if you're tired or discouraged by the content of the lecture， because you can ask your teacher questions to get to the bottom of the problems． Talking will also keep you engaged and alert． It might be helpful to make a goal for yourself to answer or ask at least 3questions per class．4.For example， you might say "I didn't understand the last part of the proof． Could you explain it again in more detail？"

Listen actively to the lesson． Active listening is a great way to force yourself to stay awake because it requires engagement of your mind as well as your body．5.To effectively listen to your teacher， you should try to maintain eye contact， face the speaker， pay close attention to what the speaker is saying and ask questions during a pause in the lecture．

A． Participate in class activities．

B． Develop interest in the subject．

C． If so， classrooms can be boring because you're tired．

D． Keep silent all the time and try to catch as much information as possible．

E． To avoid annoying your teacher you should try to keep your questions on topic．

F． You'll be more motivated to stay awake if you know that the teacher can see you easily．

G． Practicing active listening can help you keep your eyes open for the length of the lesson．

    Maths and Music An excellent way to kill a conversation is to say you are a mathematician． Tell others you are also a musician， however， and they will be hooked． Although there are obvious similarities between mathematical and musical activity， there is no direct evidence for the kind of magical connection many people seem to believe in．

I'm partly referring here to the "Mozart effect"， where children who have been playing Mozart compositions are supposedly more intelligent， including at maths， than other children． It is not hard to see why such a theory would be popular： we would all like to become better at maths without putting in any effort． But the conclusions of the experiment that expressed the belief in the Mozart effect were much more modest． If you want your brain to work better， you clearly have to put in hard work． As for learning to play the piano， it also takes effort．

Surely a connection is quite reasonable． Both maths and music deal with abstract structures， so if you become good at one， then it is likely that you become good at something more general that helps you with the other． If this is correct， it would show a connection between mathematical and musical ability． It would be more like the connection between abilities at football and tennis． To become better at one， you need to improve your fitness and coordination （协调）． That makes you better at sport and probably helps with the other．

Abstract structures don't exist only in maths and music． If you learn a language then you need to understand its abstract structures like grammar． Yet we don't hear people asking about a connection between mathematical and linguistic （语言的） ability． Maybe this is because grammar feels mathematical， so it wouldn't be surprising that mathematicians were better at learning grammar． Music， however， is strongly tied up with feelings and can be enjoyed even by people who know little about it． As such， it seems different from maths， so there wouldn't be any connection between the two．

Let's see how we solve problems of the "A is to B as C is to D" kind． These appear in intelligence tests but they are also important to both music and maths． Consider the opening of Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik （小夜曲）． The second phrase （小节） is a clear answer to the first． The listener thinks： "The first phrase goes upward and uses the notes of a G major chord （和弦）； what would be the corresponding phrase that goes downward and uses the notes of a D7？" Music is full of puzzles like this． If you are good at them， expectations will constantly be set up in your mind． The best moments surprise you by being unexpected， but we need the expectations in the first place．

1.What does the author say about "Mozart effect"？ ______

A. The goal of it was not carefully thought about．

B. The findings from it gave people wrong information．

C. The interest people showed in it was unexpected．

D. The way it was carried out proved to be ineffective．

2.The author mentioned football and tennis in Paragraph 3to show that ______ ．

A. football and tennis are played in a similar way．

B. certain skills may be developed through practice．

C. music and maths have something in common．

D. abstract structures bring benefits to various fields．

3.We can infer from Paragraph 4that ______ ．

A. language seems more like maths than music does．

B. language is less appealing to learners．

C. mathematicians are good at music learning．

D. the structure of language is easier to learn than that of music．

4.What does the writer intend to state in the last paragraph？ ______

A. How music differs from maths．

B. Why musicians possess mathematical abilities．

C. Why Mozart is so highly considered by mathematicians．

D. How abstract thinking applies to both music and maths．

    Blue Planet II's latest episode focuses on how plastic is having a disastrous effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures． Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth， the Mariana Trench， have plastic in their stomachs． Indeed， the oceans are drowning in plastic．

Though it seems now that the world couldn't possibly function without plastics， consumerplastics are a remarkably recent invention． The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s； the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining in popularity in the United States． This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change． Plastics pollution research， for instance， is still a very early science．

We put all these plastics into the environment and we still don't really know what the outcomes are going to be． What we do know， though， is disturbing． Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year． Nearly 700species， including endangered ones， are known to have been affected by it． One in three leatherback turtles， which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish， have been found with plastic in their bellies． Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis． By 2050， that figure is expected to rise to 100percent．

And it's not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas． Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat． I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster， worth mentioning to the same degree as climate change． But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change． There are no ocean trash deniers （否认者）， at least so far． To do something about it， we don't have to remake our planet energy system．

This is not a problem where we don't know what the solution is． We know how to pick up garbage． Anyone can do it． We know how to dispose （处理） of it． We know how to recycle． We can all start by thinking twice before we use single----use plastic products． Things that may seem ordinary， like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag----when taken collectively， these choices really do make a difference．

1.Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science？ ______

A. The plastics pollution research is too difficult．

B. Plastics have produced less pollution than coal．

C. The world couldn't possibly function without plastics．

D. Plastics have gained in popularity too fast for science to catch up．

2.How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3？ ______

A. By statistics．

B. By quotations from leading experts．

C. By using examples from his own experience．

D. By comparison and contrast．

3.What can we infer about climate change？ ______

A. Climate change is caused by human activities．

B. Some people hold some doubts about climate change．

C. Climate change is less important than ocean pollution．

D. Ocean plastic is more complicated than climate change．

4.What is the main idea of this passage？ ______

A. Ocean plastic is a global issue．

B. The oceans become choked with plastic．

C. Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken．

D. Plastics gain in popularity all over the world