Dear ______, It is the first time for my...

    The United States has announced a plan to fight the quickly growing threat from cyber（网络）spies and Internet attackers known as hackers.

America's Attorney General (司法部长) Eric Holder recently said that ever-improving technology is making it easier for people and countries to strike at the United States. Mr. Holder said the Justice Department is fighting back aggressively. He said it is working with various states and government agencies. 1..

And the attorney general called for increased co-operation with private companies. 2.. He said: “A single trade secret can be worth millions—or even billions—of dollars. Trade secret theft can require companies to lay off employees, close factories, to lose sales and profits, to experience a decline in competitive position and advantage, or even to go out of business.”

3., aiming to protect America’s interests and benefits.

The plan was announced the day after the American information security company Mandiant published the findings of its investigation of cyber-attacks. 4.. The victims of cyber attack include some of the biggest private companies in the United States like Apple Computer, Facebook, Coca Cola and many others. 5.. The attack areas range from satellites, information technology, telecommunications, aerospace, public administration to scientific research across the United States.

A. The new plan also calls for fines and trade actions against crimes committed by individuals and countries

B. Cyber theft also leads to much harm to companies and countries in Asia

C. They together investigate (调查) cyber theft and cybercrime and share the information

D. The hackers are also reported to have struck federal (联邦) and international agencies

E. They show that more than 140 companies have been attacked since 2006

F. Similar investigation of cyber-attacks is being carrying on by other countries like China

G. He described the importance of keeping trade secrets a secret

    If you were to travel anywhere in the globe— even to visit remote tribes (部落人) who have little contact with the larger world — would people be able to read your emotions from your facial expressions and would you be able to read theirs?

Charles Darwin argued in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that basic facial expressions are universal — suggesting that they are hard-wired within us as the product of natural selection. In other words, you would know if someone looked happy, or sad, etc., wherever you were in the world.

Since Darwin’s day, researchers have, indeed, traveled to faraway corners of the world to test the “universality theory”. Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at UC San Francisco and inspiration for the TV show Lie To Me, reported that even Fore tribesmen of New Guinea could look at photos of people from other cultures and identify what emotions were displaying.

Since Ekman’s work, other papers have tested the universality theory and occasionally challenged it. Rachael Jack of the University of Glasgow and co-authors used computer graphics to produce facial animations (动画). They then showed these animations to 15 Western Caucasian people far away from countryside and 15 East Asian from modern cities. They were asked to divide the facial expressions into groups.

This is what they found: They did get six groups from the Western Caucasians. But the results between emotion groups from the East Asians were complexed. They believe this suggests modern cultural factors have a greater influence than before.

1.Charles Darwin held the view in his book that ________.

A. facial expressions are understood by all

B. facial expressions are easy to read

C. man and animals share the same emotions

D. some facial expressions can cause confusion

2.According to the third paragraph, Fore tribesmen of New Guinea ________.

A. were confused by the photos

B. read the facial expressions in wrong ways

C. could recognize the basic facial expressions

D. had different facial expressions from city people

3.Since Darwin, all papers have tested the “universality theory” and _______.

A. no authors have agreed

B. all authors have found the same results

C. some papers have been lost

D. some authors have expressed different ideas

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP：central point   P1-P3: Point 1-Point 3   SP： sub-point    C: Conclusion

A.  B.

C.  D.

    They may have text, email, Facebook and Twitter, but young people are still lonelier than any other age group. The Loneliness in New Zealand report, published by Statistics New Zealand, shows under 30s are more likely to feel lonely than older people because loneliness decreases with age. Loneliness and poor mental health were strongly related across all ages. Young people were not as likely to feel lonely because of financial hardship, but among older people, lack of money was a significant influence on loneliness. Women were more likely to feel lonely than men.

Philip Walker, spokesman for the General Social Survey, said because it was relatively new it was hard to know whether loneliness among young people was a new trend. But overseas research has found that levels of loneliness in youth today are growing.

Walker said the finding needed more exploration, including looking at the role of technology and social media. “It could be that people’s expectations of connection have gone up, so we expect increased levels of connection,” he said. “While technology like cell phones could help young people stay connected, on the other hand for those who do get bullied (欺辱), especially bullied online, it’s quite isolating. A lot of the time potentially it is a big contributor to loneliness.”

Figures from online dating website FindSomeone also confirmed more young people were looking for love. Manager Rick Davies, said younger dating hopefuls were the fastest growing group on the site.

Mr. Davies noted that since the report data was collected in 2010 there had been huge growth in smart phones, which meant people were online even more. He believed online tools, such as Skype, could help people stay connected. “People can keep in touch with a wide range of friends from all over the world much more easily now. It’s like you’re sitting in your living room having a chat with them.”

Bemardine Reid, operations committee chairwoman for Samaritans, which operates a free helpline, said many of their calls came from people who were lonely. “It might be that they’ve got some problem, just like all the things people would normally talk to a friend about, but people who are alone lack those normal contacts.” (交流)

The Statistics New Zealand report also showed people who didn’t have face-to-face contact with family and friends were more likely to feel lonely, as were those who lived alone.

1.Which of the following may Mr. Walker agree with?

A. High technology may become a reason for loneliness.

B. People shouldn’t use the Internet to get to know strangers.

C. It’s hard for people to get enough connection online as expected.

D. Social media should play an important role in helping lonely people.

2.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. FindSomeone is a website where you can find old friends

B. without technology, young people would not feel lonely

C. high technology results in the older being lonely

D. those cheated or hurt online tend to feel lonely

3.From the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.

A. Internet can keep people free from loneliness

B. people chatting a lot online tend to be optimistic

C. people living alone tend to have more connection online

D. people communicating less in the real world risk loneliness

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Loneliness around You B. Young People Online

C. Young but Lonely D. E-times and Young People

    This year at the Olympic Games in Rio, you might stumble across a pretty interesting sight outside of the various stadiums holding competitions around the city.

Meet Chen Guanming, a 60-year-old Chinese farmer who pedaled his rickshaw (人力车) all the way from China to Rio. He calls himself “Olympic madman,” and surely he deserves it: this is the third Olympic Games he rode to. Brazilians welcomed him with the best friendship and a splendid show after he arrived in Rio a week earlier.

Seventeen years ago, he embarked the crazy adventure as an Olympics chaser: he toured around China before attending the Beijing Olympics in 2008, then made it to London in 2012, and now he’s in Rio. He plans to finish his global journey in Tokyo for the 2020 Olympics.

He doesn’t really have money, but strangers he met on the road have been pouring support to him: a heartfelt encouragement, a warm meal, or a lift up a hill — the rickshaw, his good buddy, carries all his luggage and weighs as heavy as 400 pounds.

Zsofia Korodi, a Hungarian living in London, set up a Facebook fan page after being “inspired by his actions,” so that supporters keep track of him. That way his journeys are pieced together, and people call out the next town to look out and take care of him. When there’s water to cross, people he met fly him over, and he will patiently wait for the rickshaw to arrive by ship.

Chen spent two years, traveled almost 40,000 miles to get to the London Olympics. For Rio, he hopped a plane to Canada and then made his way from Canada through the US, South America to Rio. Chen said he does it all to enhance the Olympic spirit. “My biggest hope is to encourage the vulnerable, the weak, and those who are afraid of challenges.”

In Rio, he’s apparently becoming an Olympic celebrity— a sportsman that compete out of the fields, with himself and gets stopped wherever he goes to take pictures. Even though he couldn’t watch the games at the scene, he’s completely happy by helping to pick trash and clean the surrounding areas of the stadiums. That’s what the Olympics is about. “It is to challenge the boundaries, to compete in a friendly manner, and to win the honor of the higher calling.” He said.

See you in Japan in 2020, Mr. Chen!

1.Mr. Chen calls himself “Olympic madman” because ________.

A. he has a bad temper whenever Olympic Games come

B. he rides to Olympic Games as a crazy Olympics chaser

C. he becomes super busy with his business in Olympic season

D. he gets splendid results every time he competes in Olympic Games

2.Which city didn’t Mr. Chen ride to for Olympic Games?

A. Beijing B. Rio

C. London D. Tokyo

3.Why did Mr. Chen ride to Rio?

A. He wanted to win the honor of Olympics at the scene.

B. He planned to challenge and compete in a friendly manner.

C. He hoped to promote the Olympic spirit and encourage others.

D. He intended to pick trash and clean the surrounding areas of the stadiums.

4.Which word can be used to describe Mr. Chen best?

A. Enthusiastic B. Intelligent

C. Sensitive D. Competitive.

    Whether you’re a grandparent who takes care of the little ones once or twice a week and is looking for interesting ways to keep them entertained, or a long-distance grandparent relying on technology to stay in touch, we’ve got you covered with the best apps for grandparents.

1.Which of the following can be used in Android system?

A. Story Patch. B. Little Peanut on the Go.

C. Toilet Finder. D. Zero to Three — Let’s Play.

2.What can we know about the apps?

A. Toilet Finder can be used through voice signals.

B. Zero to Three — Let’s Play can provide lots of entertainment.

C. We can download JBaby Grandparents Frame from the App Store for free.

D. Grandparents can share location with caregivers by Little Peanut on the Go.

3.What is the purpose of this article?

A. To explain how to use some smartphone apps.

B. To make life more convenient for grandparents.

C. To recommend some apps to assist grandparents.

D. To advocate interaction between family members.