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Teenagers who spend quality time with their parents are more likely to want to further their studies， according to research from the University of Warwick． Researchers found that adolescents who take part in cultural activities with their mother and father were more likely to aspire（渴望） to continue their studies post-16than those who didn't． This is compared to even those who attended homework clubs or participated in extra-curricular activities．
Dr Hartas led the research． She said： "Filial（子女的） dynamics such as emotional closeness to parents and cultural capital were better predictors than more school-driven parent-child interactions．" Factors relating to family emotional closeness， bullying， friendships， homework， extra-curricular activities and perception of parental interest in the child's education were examined． The researchers measured responses to questions about a variety of topics such as visiting art galleries， discussing books at home， the number of evenings spent doing homework， relationship with siblings and quarrelling with parents．
Dr Hartas and her team found that the willingness to solve problems was a strong predictor of educational aspiration． Adolescents who indicated they were less confident at handling problems were 30% less likely to rate gaining GCSEs important． In addition those who expressed a lower level of general well-being were 18% more likely to choose not to go to university． Closeness to parents was an indicator of attitude towards GCSEs； those who did not feel emotionally close to their parents were two times higher to consider GCSEs unimportant． However， emotional closeness to parents was not found to be significant in predicting a desire to attend university．
What the researchers termed ‘cultural capital' or participating in cultural activities also appeared to affect the desire to study further． Those who weren't exposed to cultural activity were 14% and 20% respectively less likely to consider university or GCSEs as important． Those who did go to museums， galleries， concerts etc． were found to be 23% less likely to consider training or employment post-16．
Implications of the research
Dr Hartas said that these findings had significant implications for family and educational policy， especially with regard to "raising aspirations and reducing early school leaving．" They also raised the issue of reconsidering the role of the home environment as a web of emotionally and intellectually charged relationships between parents and children rather than an extension of the school day．
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It was the end of my first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant． My cap had gone away， and my feet_______． The loaded plates I carried_______to be heavier and heavier． Tired and discouraged， I didn't seem able to do anything______． As I made out a check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream_______a dozen times， I was ready to stop． Then the father_______at me as he handed my tip． "Well done，" he said， "you've_______us really well．" Suddenly my tiredness______． I smiled back， and later， when the manager asked me how I'd like my first day， I said， "______!" Those few words of praise had_______everything． Praise is like_______to the human spirit； we cannot flower and grow without it． And_______while most of us are only too_______to apply to others the cold wind of criticism， we are_______to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise． Why---when one word of praise can bring such______？
It's strange how chary we are about praising． Perhaps it's_______few of us know how to accept it． It's _______rewarding to give praise in areas in which_______generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned． An artist gets complimented （admired） for a glorious picture， a cook for a_______meal． But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are_______just right？ In fact， to give praise_______the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort．
1.A. rested B. hurt C. broke D. slipped
2.A. remained B. looked C. seemed D. appeared
3.A. new B. special C. nervous D. right
4.A. order B. price C. material D. chair
5.A. stared B. smiled C. glanced D. nodded
6.A. called on B. looked after C. passed by D. thought of
7.A. arrived B. continued C. disappeared D. developed
8.A. Oh B. Well C. Fine D. Terrible
9.A. made B. changed C. found D. improved
10.A. heat B. warmth C. snowstorm D. sunlight
11.A. then B. thus C. therefore D. yet
12.A. ready B. doubtful C. satisfied D. disappointed
13.A. unable B. unwilling C. likely D. anxious
14.A. attention B. choice C. pleasure D. difficulty
15.A. because B. when C. what D. where
16.A. finally B. especially C. silly D. fortunately
17.A. effort B. attempt C. deed D. feeling
18.A. daily B. light C. perfect D. poor
19.A. done B. sold C. chosen D. given
20.A. adds B. leaves C. offers D. costs
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
1.John Sauven holds that_____.
A. many people value nature too much
B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful
C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities
D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong
2.What is the main idea of Para. 3?
A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.
B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.
C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.
D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.
3.What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?
A. Objective. B. Disapproving. C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) : Conclusion
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body's defense system against infection．Doctors at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston， Massachusetts， did the study． The team studied a chemical found in black， green， oolong and pekoe tea． This chemical is an amino acid called L-theanine． The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells． That's the letter T， not the drink． Gamma delta T cells are part of the body's defense．
First， the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens found in the amino acid． Antigens help the body react to infection． Then the scientists added some bacteria． Within twenty-four hours， the cells produced a lot of interferon， a substance that fights infection． Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon．
In the second part of the study， eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day． Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee． That is dried coffee mixed with hot water．
Two weeks later， and again two weeks after that， the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people． They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells． They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea． The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon．
Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study． He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria． He says that the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time．
Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer． Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people． "If the findings prove to be true，" he says， "then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections．" He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from the tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body's defenses．
1.We may know from the text that ______ can be found in different kinds of tea．
A. L-theanine B. Gamma delta T cells
C. interferon D. bacteria
2.Tea may help strengthen the body's defense system because it helps ______ ．
A. to add some bacteria to the blood cells
B. the body to produce more gamma delta T cells
C. the body to produce more interferon
D. to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body
3.According to Dr Bukowski， ______ ．
A. the findings of the study have already proved to be true
B. further study is needed to prove the findings true
C. he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it
D. he is not sure whether tea help prevent heart disease and cancer
Inspiring young minds!
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children's publishing， bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month．
What is so special about TOKNOW magazine？ Well， it has no ads or promotions inside- instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas． TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children， who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）-and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine． | What's inside？ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles， experiments and creative things to make - the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life． |
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Take a look online-evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends．
Happy Birthday All Year!
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1.Why is TOKNOW a special magazine？ ______
A. It entertains young parents．
B. It provides serious advertisements．
C. It publishes popular science fictions．
D. It combines fun with complex concepts．
2.What does TOKNOW offer its readers？ ______
A. Online courses． B. Articles on new topics．
C. Lectures on a balanced life． D. Reports on scientific discoveries．
3.How much should you pay if you make a 12-month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China？ ______
A. £55． B. £60．
C. £65． D. £70．
4.Subscribers of TOKNOW would get ______ ．
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C. membership of the TOKNOW club
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---I went up to speak to him， but he turned away and left．
---Why did he give you ______？ You are good friends， aren't you？
A. a wet blanket B. a piece of cake
C. a green finger D. a cold shoulder
