Most dog owners believe their dogs experience guilt, but animal behaviorists say the “guilty look” of a dog is simply a reaction to you and that dogs lack the ability to feel shame.
Alexandra Horowitz, a psychology professor and principal investigator at the Horowitz Dog Cognition Lab at Columbia University once carried out a study on dog “guilt”. She videotaped 14 dogs in a series of trials and observed how they reacted when their owners left the room after instructing them not to eat a treat. When the owner was gone, Horowitz gave some of the dogs the forbidden treat. Then she would tell the owners whether their dogs had eaten the treat or had behaved. However, Horowitz wasn’t always honest with them.
Horowitz found that the dogs’ “guilty looks” had little to do with whether they’d eaten the treat or not. In fact, dogs that hadn’t eaten it but were scolded by misinformed owners tended to exhibit the most elements of the “guilty look”.
Horowitz says this shows that the dogs’ body language is actually a response to their owner’s behavior---not an experience of shame for a misdeed. Why then, do dogs look so ashamed when we scold them?
Maybe that look of guilt is the result of a learned association. When you scold your dog for chewing up a pair of slippers, he quickly learns that if he lowers his head and tucks his tail, the undesirable response---raised voice and angry expression---is more likely to disappear.
1.According to Horowitz, the dogs’ “guilty look” is _____.
A. the dogs’ nature. B. a reaction to people’s behavior.
C. a direct result of copying people’s behavior. D. a response to a shameful behavior.
2.How was Horowitz’ study carried out？
A. By giving examples. B. By telling her experience.
C. By doing an experiment. D. By reasoning.
3.What might be the most suitable title for the passage ？
A. The “Guilty Look” of the Dog B. Dog without the Sense of Guilt
C. Dogs’ Ability to Feel Shame D. The Study on Dogs
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that dogs were ______.
A. born with the look of guilt B. born with the ability to feel guilty
C. so smart to copy people’s behavior D. so smart to adjust its behavior
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Conveniently located in the heart of crouch End, London, N8, My Crèche offers drop-in and pre-booked childcare for children aged 6 weeks to 5 years of age. We also provide after-school and breakfast clubs for children up to 8 years old. Our goal is to enable parents to pursue personal and professional activities when they need to, with total peace of mind knowing their children are being cared for in a safe and fun environment.
We are looking for an enthusiastic and committed professional with excellent interpersonal skills, who is committed to ensuring the best outcomes and care for children. This is an excellent opportunity for a proactive individual to be a part of a fresh and progressive childcare concept and we welcome newly qualified professionals. We are a small and very supportive team with great training opportunities.
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Full time(flexible work available) and 28 days annual leave.
1.The author uses Anna’s words mainly to _______ .
A. examine B. inform
C. compare D. advertise
2.What does a successful candidate need?
A. A college degree. B. A language certificate Level 3.
C. Great skills in communicating with people. D. Years of working experience with children.
假设你校《英语学习报》在组织一个关于城市生活问题的讨论。你也想在报上谈谈你的看法。你谈的主要内容如下：
1. 城市中有许多高楼大厦、繁忙的街道、舒适的生活环境，但也有许多的污染，如噪音和烟尘等；
2. 乡村生活平静安宁，但也有如城市中的问题；
3. 你的看法。
注意：1. 词数100个左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When holidays draw nearly, people usually greeted each other in a variety of ways. Some people often go on the line and send e-mails or electronic cards to their friends, relatives and teachers that others prefer to make phone calls or send short messages by mobile phone. In a word, people choose differently to exchange their best wish during our holidays.
As to me, I’d like send e-mails or electronic cards. First, it costs little and no money. What’s more, a lot of paper is saving, which is environmentally friendly.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In today’s world many people seem to be 1. (hunger) for money. Money does have its most useful effects on the poor. 2. even if a person has already got plenty of money, 3. (happy) can’t be bought by money.
If money were beginning, all millionaires 4. have real love, true friendship, good health and a long life. However, this is not always correct.
Since 5. beginning of time no three words have ever invited more 6. (pleased) than “I love you”. But can love be bought? I’m afraid not Love 7. (mean) to give, not to take. To every person, health and a long life are bought with money? The answer is “No”.
Of all the longest 8. (life) people in the world, few of them are millionaires. True friendship can’t be bought, either in a world, where money is 9. (dream) too much, it can cause brothers to quarrel, marriage to end, lovers to hate, and 10. (strange) to fight. No matter how much money you have, it is still not enough to make a happy person if you have no one to laugh with, no one to cry for.
Taking care of yourself is not being selfish. By caring enough to ______ your body well, you will be in ______ shape to take care of those around you. No one can take care of your health ______ yourself.
Believe in yourself and your ______. Havea “can-do” attitude. Make a list of ______ changes that you have made in the past. It is easier to ______ a goal when you are ______. Use humor and laugh off occasional lapses (过失). Have confidence that you can get back on track with your healthy ______.
Seek out a friend or co-worker who will make you feel comfortable. You will find out ______ friends is a happy thing in the world. Regular phone calls, emails or visit over coffee could help you keep a good contact with them. ______ your cheerleader could become your exercise buddy (密友).
____ yourself as you make simple changes that in the end will ______ in achieving your overall goal. Celebration is part of successful change. Create a list of incentives (动机) that will ______ you motivated.
Adopt eating and physical activity habits that can become part of your ______. Have a backup plan ______ those days when your plans to eat well and be active are challenged. If you can’t walk ______ the weather, have an exercise video to use. If you have no time to pack a ______ lunch, choose a small fast food sandwich and side salad.
Go on a ______. Work and family are two most important things in people’s lives. People try to tackle the two things at once, ______ most of them fail. Just as an old saying goes: People who know how to rest ______ how to work. Go out with your family and have a good time.
1.A. see B. take C. use D. treat
2.A. better B. worse C. bigger D. smaller
3.A. besides B. except C. beside D. beyond
4.A. body B. attitude C. ability D. eyes
5.A. successful B. little C. strange D. few
6.A. check B. discover C. achieve D. declare
7.A. optional B. particular C. dynamic D. optimistic
8.A. work B. routine C. face D. sight
9.A. taking B. making C. sharing D. playing
10.A. Surely B. Quickly C. Perhaps D. Slowly
11.A. Reward B. Pick C. Pass D. Instruct
12.A. introduce B. gain C. find D. result
13.A. found B. pass C. build D. keep
14.A. family B. friendship C. object D. lifestyle
15.A. to B. on C. for D. outside
16.A. out of B. due to C. away from D. on to
17.A. healthy B. rich C. interesting D. passive
18.A. trip B. talk C. story D. meeting
19.A. and B. but C. because D. though
20.A. study B. accept C. know D. discuss
