We now think that chocolate is sweet, but once it was bitter. We think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient（构成部分）in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called Mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.
Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “Ugh!” and run away. Workers must first dry and then roast the beans. This removes the bitter taste.
The word “chocolate” comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.
When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao, too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. No one had the idea of adding sugar. The Spaniards took some beans back to Europe and opened cafes. Wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion.
In the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in England discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. It quickly became a cheap and popular drink. Soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.
Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. Favorite desserts are the chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.
1.It was _______ that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao.
A. the Spaniards B. the people in England
C. the owner of a chocolate factory D. the workers in the chocolate factory
2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The word “chocolate” comes from a Mexican word.
B. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys like them.
C. Workers must dry and roast the beans to remove the bitter taste.
D. Nobody had the idea of adding sugar until the sixteenth century.
3.The Spaniards think that cacao was a medicine because ________.
A. it cured man’s diseases B. it was good for digestion
C. it was strong and bitter D. it was a kind of drink for good health
4.Which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate?
a. The Spaniards started drinking cacao.
b. A factory mixed milk and chocolate together.
c. It was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao.
d. Chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in England.
e. A factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate.
A. a-c-d-e-b B. a-c-b-e-d
C. a-c-e-b-d D. d-e-a-c-b
Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-term. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term. They will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they connect you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.
The way we affect people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day, or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation（积极性）.
Today’s work place is all about relationships. Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they’re recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know money is not the only most motivating factor in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of Emotional Intelligence-knowing your own emotions, and how to deal with them and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.
1.When may an employee have a feeling of fear in the work place?
A. He is forced to do things. B. He cannot work at his best.
C. He feels his brain shut down. D. He thinks of this work as a burden.
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. People like to connect leadership with fear.
B. Good relationship is the key to business success.
C. Working conditions affect people’s physical health.
D. Smart people are more functional in the work place.
3.To positively affect employees, what should a leader do first of all?
A. Provide better suggestions. B. Develop his own personality.
C. Hide his own emotion of fear. D. Give his employees a pay rise.
4.Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to ___________.
A. give employees specific instructions B. help raise employees’ living standards
C. deal wisely with employees’ emotions D. provide a variety of projects for employees
About six years ago I was going through a tough time, trying to work two jobs to afford my rent. On a cold Sunday morning, I went to GameStop-a video game retailer（零售商）, to cancel the game I’d booked. A woman in a car parked outside called me when I exited the store. Though it was in broad daylight, I was shy about it and kept some distance when I walked over. She said she couldn’t walk and requested me to purchase a Kinect, a popular game, for her as her son’s Christmas gift. Because of her leg disease it was painful for her to move around. She called ahead but the employee（雇员）wasn’t willing to help. She gave me about $ 100 in cash and her credit card.
I walked back in and bought the Kinect. Then it occurred to me that this woman, a complete stranger, trusted me. What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and just pocket her cash? She couldn’t know I wasn’t a cheat; and how could she possibly believe in someone so much?
I handed her the cash back, explaining I had to pay with her card-it was above $ 100 at the time, and handed over the game and her credit card. “This is what my son’s been longing for. Thank you! By the way, just from glancing at you, I know you are the one who will be a friend to someone in need. You have a face of an angel!” she said. She gave me $ 10 and refused to take it back. Then she drove away.
She had no idea how much of a difference even $ 10 made. I was able to buy a few cheap groceries for the week and it really made a hard time in my life a little better. She may think I helped her; however, I truly feel like the one who was being gifted something amazing.
1.What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A. The author canceled the video game for saving money.
B. The author worked so hard that there was no time for games.
C. The author was unwilling to help and kept a distance from the woman.
D. The woman requested the author to purchase a Kinect for her son’s birthday.
2.What can we know about the woman?
A. She gave the author $ 10 for the video game.
B. She chose the author because he was handsome.
C. She might not know exactly how much the video game would cost.
D. She didn’t buy the video game by herself because of her laziness.
3.Which of the following words can best describe the author?
A. Kind and honest. B. Brave and curious.
C. Humorous and wise. D. Determined and energetic.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A. Kinect, a popular game. B. Help others, help yourself.
C. A stranger who had faith in me. D. An experience that changed my life.
Garden of the Drunken Bai Pond
With a history of more than 300 years, the Pond of the Drunken Bai, a classical garden in the style of Ming Dynasty, is among the Five Classical Gardens in Shanghai. “Bai” is said to be Li Bai, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. However, some believe that “Bai” indicates Bai Juyi, another well-known poet in the Tang Dynasty.
Zhujiajiao Ancient Town
Located at the bank of the Dianshan Lake in Qingpu District, Zhujiajiao Ancient Town, with a history of over 1,000 years, has been known as “Venice of Shanghai” for its simple but attractive appearance. Inside the own are rivers and bridges, giving tourists a sense of the ancient time.
Upside-down House
In China, the upside-down house is a new thing, but in foreign countries, it is getting more and more popular in recent years, especially in Poland. As is name suggests, the house is built inverted（倒置的）. Inside it, all the furniture and household items are placed upside down. People will feel the magic of a disorder space when walking in the house.
Chenshan Botanical Garden
The garden covers a total area of about 206 hectares（公顷）. Its theme is “plant and Health”, combining research, education and landscape appreciation. It opened to the public in April, 2010, and is expected to be the largest one in Shanghai.
Tickets: 40 yuan per person; children under l.2m: free of charge if accompanied by an adult.
1.Which of the following might have the longest history?
A. Upside down House. B. Zhujiajiao Ancient Town.
C. Chenshan Botanical Garden. D. Garden of the Drunken Bai Pond.
2.What can we know about the upside-down house?
A. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Poland.
B. It is increasing in popularity in foreign countries.
C. It is the latest fashion sweeping across the whole world.
D. It has been completely accepted both at home and abroad.
3.How much will a couple with a kid（1.4m）pay for Chenshan Botanical Garden?
A. 80 yuan B. 100 yuan
C. 120 yuan D. 160 yuan
你校正在开展创建和谐校园系列活动，其中包括“做文明学生，创和谐校园” 英语演讲比赛，请根据以下要点准备一篇演讲稿，参加该活动。
1. 文明行为使校园和谐，也是学生高素质的体现。
2. 文明行为：讲礼貌,有爱心；维护校园环境，爱护一草一木；勤奋学习， 遵守校规……
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
参考词汇：文明行为 civilized behavior
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Would you like to live in school? We do a survey about it and here is result. Most students prefer to live in school as they like to communicate with my classmates. Besides, they can learn how to take good care of themselves in this way. Therefore, some students think live at home is a better choice. The main reason is why they can relax better at home. Moreover, they can spend more time on their family members and get on better with them.
As for me, I would rather to live in school. I will have more time to review my lesson. What’s more, it’s a wonderfully experience to live with other classmates.
