For all the pressures and rewards of regionalization (地区化) and globalization, local identities remain the most deeply impressed. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller, its scope seems to foster the need for more private local connections among many individuals. As Bernard Poignant, mayor of the town of Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, “Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world becomes, the more ties there will be to one s roots and one’s land.”
In most communities, local languages such as Poignant’s Breton serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of “authenticity (原真性)”. The sum total of a community’s shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a noticeable line from a culturally idealized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the community’s origins. A concern for authenticity leads most secular (世俗的) Israelis to defend Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the “threat” that globalization seems to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward systems. But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious eagerness.
As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200. Many smaller languages, even those with far fewer than one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal level, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations. In the Basque, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements are fiercely political and frequently involved loyal resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy.
In addition to causing the feeling of the subjective importance of local roots, supporters of local languages defend their continued use on practical grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of one’s own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agencies can also use local languages to spread information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audiences. Development workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers of local languages be multi-literate.
1.In paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayor’s word to show that globalization ________.
A. strengthens local identities B. weakens regionalization
C. strengthens individualism D. weakens local attachments
2.The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it ________.
A. weakens the authority of authenticity
B. prevents the development of authenticity
C. enhances the importance of authenticity
D. promotes the maturity of authenticity
3.In terms of campaigns for language protection, America differs from Spain and Mexico in that ______.
A. its volunteers have enough sponsorship from the state.
B. its locals are not interested in finding native Americans.
C. its youths are eager to pass on the local traditions.
D. its movements are not political.
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Practically, local languages are less used than English.
B. Local languages are more important in daily life.
C. The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are.
D. The relation between localization and globalization is double-win.
The goings-on in the consulting room have become more transparent (透明的) recently. Thank goodness. We know more than the lines supplied by the movies in which the therapist knows all and gives wisdom to those who, sitting on a couch, consult with them. Therapists are interested in how the individual, the couple or the family experiences and understands their difficulties. That has to be a starting place. We can be of value if our first port of call is to listen, to gradually feel ourselves into the shoes of the other, to absorb the feelings that are being conveyed and to think and then to say some words.
The thinking and talking that I do inside the consulting room is at odds with many features of ordinary conversation. Not that it is mysterious, but it isn’t concerned with traditional ways of sharing or identifying. The therapist makes patterns and theorizes, but they are also reflecting on the words that are spoken, how they are delivered and how the words, once spoken, affect the speaker and the therapist themselves.
Words can give voice to previously unknown feelings and thoughts. That’s why it’s called the talking cure. But just as words reveal so, too, can they obscure, and this gets us to the listening and feeling part of the therapy. Whatever and however the words are delivered, they will have an impact on me as a therapist. I might feel hopeless, I might feel energized, I might feel pushed away, I might feel demanded of, I might feel pulled to find solutions.
The influence of the other is what makes any relationship possible or impossible. A therapist is trained to reflect on how those who consult with them affect them. As I try to step into the shoes of the other and then out again, my effort is to hold both those experiences, plus an awareness of my ease or discomfort with what I encounter in the relationship.
Feelings are the bread and butter of our work in the consulting room. They inform or modify our ideas and they enable us to find an emotional bridge to what can so hurt for the people we are working with. Along with the more commonly thought-about theories and ideas we have about the psyche, they are an essential part of the therapist’s toolkit, certainly for me. The talking cure means talking, yes. It also means the therapist is listening, thinking and feeling.
1.The word “obscure” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. cancel B. clarify
C. confirm D. hide
2.Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with?
A. Patients’influence has been neglected by therapists for too long a time.
B. Therapists need to think from their own perspectives as well as patients’.
C. It is no easy job for therapists to realize how uncomfortable their patients are.
D. Therapists had better push away those negative emotions acquired from patients.
3.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Awareness of feelings
B. It’s good to talk and listen
C. Theories that help therapists
D. What is the point of being a therapist
Over the past few years, smart home tech has become more and more accessible and it’s increasingly easy to find that you’ve bought a product that includes smart home features. So what does a modem smart home look like, and how can you start building one? You could get to start making your home smarter by the following gadgets.
Ecobee 4
* Measuring both occupancy and temperature, its sensors signal your Ecobee to automatically switch to the right mode.
* It only takes about 30 minutes. thanks to an easy-to-follow installation guide and an in-app step-by-step walkthrough.
* Easily adjust temperature using your voice with built-in Alexa or from wherever you are using your mobile devices.
Amazon Smart Plug
* Amazon Smart Plug works with Alexa to add voice control.
* Schedule lights, fans, and appliances to turn on and off automatically, or control them remotely when you’re away.
*It’s simple to set up and use. Plug in, open Alexa app, and start using your voice.
The Philips Hue White Smart Bulb
* It works with Amazon Alexa to support dimming through voice control.
* Schedule your own custom lighting scenes. Set the smart bulbs to turn on and off at a pre-set time.
To install, simply screw (拧) the smart bulbs into your desired light location.
* Control smart-bulb-equipped lamps and overhead lights via the Philips Hue App.
August Smart Lock Pro
* It works with Alexa for voice control (Alexa device sold separately).
* Control keyless access. It locks automatically behind you, and unlocks as you approach.
* Install in about 10 minutes with just a screwdriver (螺丝刀) .
1.What do the four gadgets have in common?
A. Useful Philips Hue App. B. Beautiful lighting scenes.
C. Easy installation and simple set-up. D. Pleasant temperature.
2.This passage is intended to ________.
A. introduce the gadgets of smart home B. provide advice for home decoration
C. compare the gadgets with others D. show the popularity of the gadgets
The Youth Commission meeting only just started; I didn’t even want to think about the piles of homework sitting on my desk at home. I didn't wanted to ______ the youth involvement in the annual holiday parade in the meeting, much less ______ the speech of Ray D.
Ray D. came to every meeting of the Youth Commission. The local papers ______ him as “a thorn in public official’s side-open, honest and overactive.” He gave himself the ______ of “Citizen Ray” and even wore a baseball cap with this name printed on the front. He came to the meetings and ______ unsafe bike lanes and noise complaints, ______ they had nothing to do with our ______ and we could do nothing about them. He always went over the two-minute limit for guest speakers, and would not stop ______ until one of us told him his ______ was up.
After countless nights of staying up to finish my ______ because of meetings that ran ______, largely due to distractions provided by Citizen Ray, I began to hate his ______. Why did he waste his time with the Youth Commission, when we couldn’t ______ him with all of his issues? ______, we planned youth forums and relayed information about the town government to our peers; we didn’t fix problems or give out building permits that he seemed to ______.
It took me several months to ______ understand the motivations of Citizen Ray. Most people in their late seventies are ______ to leave the workplace and live in the relaxation provided by ______. Ray D., however, considered participating in the public good as his duty as a(n) ______. His efforts should be admired, not hated. After all, Ray is motivated, dedicated and ambitious. His persistence and ______would prove valuable in any field of study or work, and I realized I should value his presence.
1.A. continue B. enjoy C. remember D. discuss
2.A. depend on B. wait for C. listen to D. refer to
3.A. characterized B. treated C. invited D. employed
4.A. gift B. title C. position D. purpose
5.A. picked up B. wrote down C. thought of D. talked about
6.A. as B. unless C. even though D. as if
7.A. duties B. records C. opportunities D. tastes
8.A. performing B. speaking C. judging D. struggling
9.A. show B. power C. time D. topic
10.A. service B. report C. collection D. homework
11.A. quietly B. frequently C. late D. again
12.A. presence B. problem C. response D. advantage
13.A. provide B. help C. reward D. associate
14.A. After all B. At last C. In all D. For instance
15.A. observe B. change C. cause D. need
16.A. naturally B. accidentally C. finally D. temporarily
17.A. lucky B. brave C. safe D. happy
18.A. school B. pension C. travel D. donation
19.A. customer B. citizen C. professor D. officer
20.A. determination B. skill C. freedom D. independence
—I keep on meeting with difficulties in the experiment. I can hardly go on.
—Where there are difficulties, there are ways to get over them. ________
A. Suit yourself. B. Good for you
C. Pull yourself together! D. What’s the deal?
The reign of the next Japanese emperor will be known as “Reiwa” (令和) era, in ________ name the character for “harmony” is included.
A. which B. what
C. whose D. as
