Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).
Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.
RMIT’s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.”
The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.
“If math doesn’t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer.
Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.
Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.
1.What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?
A. The relationship between brain size and brain power.
B. Long-term rules and short term working memory.
C. Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.
D. Bees can do basic mathematics.
2.According to Adrian Dyer, bees’ numerical cognition ________.
A. requires addition and subtraction two complex processing
B. has a possible effect on the future development of AI
C. only involves their short-term working memory
D. calls for a lot of maths knowledge
3.What does the finding of the new research suggest?
A. Bees can recogize the exact number.
B. Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.
C. Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.
D. Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of Bees
B. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical Cogintion
C. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of Processing
D. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power
Five thousand square meters of old damaged cars, motorcycles and boats fill this junkyard. For a casual onlooker, this might be a very sad sight. But for Andy, it’s a real treasure. “I’ve been a junk hoarder (囤积者) for my whole life and I like fixing up what shouldn’t be thrown away. Around 200 old cars end up in this junkyard every week. Some of them are sold for parts, others get repaired, and still others are beyond repair.”
His father Bobby started the business some 50 years ago and still spends every morning there. The father and son have very different approaches to their work. They got a Dean cab that was getting thrown away and that was the father’s project, which Andy did not want him to do. “He did basically the opposite of everything I told him and I think he did it just to make me mad. He dumped a ton of money into this car, but in the end it wouldn’t run.” Andy said jokingly.
The unusual family business attracted the attention of a TV crew. That’s how the show Janka Empire came to be featured on a network of the Discovery Channel. This show, five years of shooting, five seasons and 60 episodes (集), is popular. “There are hundreds of junkyards throughout the United States. I think what’s interesting is that it is a family business. My father and I started the business and we joke very well back and forth and I think that’s what people like. The cars that end up at the junkyard come out with endless surprises. See, this was a junk car and we restored it with a blown motor. Yet I don’t get a chance to ride around it too often. Because despite its shining appearance, the noise of the engine is truly deafening and I worry my neighbors will not put up with it.”
1.What does Andy seem to like about his junkyard?
A. It is very large.
B. It may be a bad sight.
C. It is amazing and valuable.
D. It is his life dreamland.
2.What can we infer from the “one Dean cab” case?
A. The father is ready to follow his son’s advice.
B. The son is impatient and fed up with his father.
C. The father and son get on well with each other.
D. The father and son often disagree with each other.
3.Why is the show Janka Empire popular?
A. There are hundreds of junkyards in the United States.
B. Bobby and Andy run their family business in an unusual way.
C. The show is a series of 5 seasons and 60 episodes.
D. Bobby and Andy can make the junk car attractive.
4.Which of the following words can best describe Bobby and Andy?
A. Devoted and creative. B. Funny and ridiculous.
C. Gentle and respectable. D. Economical and wealthy.
Summer Programs for Teens
University of Maryland: TERP Young Scholars
This program is the perfect summer camp for academically talented teenagers who want to pursue academic interests, explore career opportunities, and discover college life at the University of Maryland.
During three weeks of intellectual exploration, teens can study with students who share similar interests, and communicate with some of the university’s best teachers. Upon successful completion, students can earn three college credits.
Carpe Diem: The University-bound Adventure
Carpe Diem supports both American and international students in applying to a university by providing private consultation. This 2-week experience also includes tours of famous East Const universities Students will also have the opportunity to build their resumes (简历) by working with writing experts.
Great Books Summer Program
This is a lively, warm and welcoming summer camp community of outstanding teens, who love literature and ideas In the past eleven years, it has gathered middle and high school students from across the world to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience heated discussions and enjoy summer camp fun with other literary-minded students. Participants can gain confidence in their ability to read a text closely and express their ideas clearly both verbally and in writing.
Zeal Travel
We offer our teens two week and three- week long trips to Hawaii, Alaska, Australia and Spain. All trips include 15-25 hours of community service activities.
Depending on your trip of choice, you’ll be helping Hawaiians protect their forest ecosystem, caring for dogs in Spain, working with Habitat for Humanity, and much more. Every trip also includes exciting outdoor activities like surfing, driving, ice-climbing, hiking and more. The possibilities are endless and there is a zeal trip for every interest.
1.Which program offers students the opportunity to develop academic interests?
A. Carpt Diem. B. Zeal Travel.
C. University of Maryland. D. Great Books Summer Program.
2.What can students do in Great Books Summer Program?
A. Learn how to write stories.
B. Attend a campus cultural event.
C. Make friends with famous writers.
D. Read and discuss the great works of literature.
3.What is special about Zeal Travel?
A. It includes a lot of thrilling outdoor activities.
B. It provides community service for students.
C. It offers students exciting free trips.
D. It will last 3 weeks.
假定你是李华， 你的英国笔友Andrew不久前去美国留学，他给你写信说很不适应那里的生活。请你根据以下提示用英语给他写一封回信，鼓励他勇敢面对。
1 尊重当地的风俗习惯；
2 与美国学生多交流；
3 积极参加户外活动；
4 注意与人交往的礼仪。
注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加内容，以使行文连贯。
Dear Andrew,
How nice to hear from you again!
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
This year, our school call on us students to make good use of our time and do socially practice in the holiday. I found a job in the small restaurant. I thought it would be easy, so actually it turned out to be hard. I spent on the whole morning washing dishes and setting tables. I didn't have lunch until 2：00 pm. After lunch, I immediately set to work again, do the same things until 11：00 pm. I worked more than ten hour every day! However, after days of work, you have come to understand the value of hard work. I've also realized what difficult it is for my parents to support our family. Therefore, I am now determined study hard to repay my parents.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mobile payments have made our life more convenient and1.(enjoy) by freeing us from the trouble of having to take our wallets out with us. But a supermarket has gone one step further, allowing customers to pay2. (instant) using just a finger tip.Shoppers at one store at Brunel University can pay for items3.(use) the unique vein pattern in their fingertips and it's4. first store to adopt such technology. This new method of payment means that customers can pay for items in just a few5.(second). Sthaler, the company behind the technology, 6.(explain) that it uses infrared scanners 7.(read) the pattern of veins in the finger. It links this to the customer's bank details, which8.(keep) safe by payment provider Worldpay. The firm is also responsible9.millions of online shoppers' details around the globe. “There are no known cases10.this security has been violated and dozens of Brunel students are already using the technology,” Simon Binns, commercial director of Sthaler, told the reporter.
