Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The battery 's power consists of living bacteria.
Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.
“ Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage,” Choi says.“They are cheap and self-repairing.” What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places — such as a battlefield . They might also find use in medicine . For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.
This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes （微生 物） produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running.
Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the anode and cathode （正负 极）. They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.
1.What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries?
A.They are mainly used to run smartphones.
B.They use bacteria to generate electricity.
C.They are used to decorate small devices.
D.They take a much shorter time to recharge.
2.What can the paper-based batteries do?
A.Power tiny devices. B.Lower blood sugar levels.
C.Produce much electricity. D.Change chemicals in the paper.
3.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A.The application of the new battery.
B.The characteristics of the paper batteries.
C.The intention to invent the device.
D.The working principle of the invention.
4.What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries?
A.Defensive. B.Optimistic.
C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous.
It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometres. While many runners' motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, they're also doing it for a good cause—to generate funds for charity. But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel —some by plane—to the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by spectators and runners. This is becoming a big issue for cities—how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable （可持续的） ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit .
It's something that this year's London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic so 700 runners could carry water bottles with them during their run. London Marathon event director Hugh Brasner told the BBC: “There are a lot of initiatives （倡议） we are using this year that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future.”
Meanwhile, some people still think running a marathon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet. Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: “Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day and shunning public transport altogether. Being environmentally friendly while training sticks with you and becomes a way of life. ”
1.Why do many people enter for a marathon?
A.To achieve their own ambitions.
B.To generate a massive carbon footprint.
C.To improve themselves both physically and mentally.
D.To challenge their personal limitations and raise money for charities.
2.What did Hugh Brasner think of this year's London Marathon?
A.It may bring a large profit to London.
B.It saved a lot of water resources and power.
C.It may improve people's behaviour in the future.
D.It may make Londoners more friendly when running a marathon.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “shunning” in the last paragraph?
A.Damaging. B.Avoiding.
C.Choosing. D.Changing.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Running a marathon can make more money.
B.Running a marathon can do great damage to the earth.
C.Running a marathon can change people's life completely.
D.Running a marathon can contribute to protecting the earth.
As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate （培 养） green hands to be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.
While in college, I worked as an intern （实 习生） at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kids from a single mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided to return to the company to improve myself.
At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. When I was starting out, I thought my inexperience was holding me back, but John said that it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.
As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he took some giant leaps of faith to support me. Because of our first lunch and the years of support that followed, I never thought twice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background was never a choice. But John 's advice came with one important warning. I needed to keep my attitude in check. It's one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, “the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time. ”
1.What can we learn about the author from the text?
A.She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.
B.She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.
C.Her miserable childhood had a negative effect on her work.
D.Her performance during internship was highly praised in public.
2.Due to John W. Rogers' advice, the author_______ .
A.learned to strike a balance between work and life
B.contributed her ideas only after listening to others'
C.no longer felt lost and became aware of her own value
D.switched to a different company to display her talent
3.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Keep Your Attitude under Control.
B.Encourage Your Employees to Grow.
C.Let Your Success Be Your Noise.
D.Live a Life with a High Goal.
4.Who would probably benefit most from this article?
A.Company bosses. B.Those new to a job.
C.Business consultants. D.Experienced teammates.
What to do if you find a sick, injured or abandoned wild animal.
General tips
Don't remove an animal from its natural habitat （the animal may not need assistance, and you could do more harm than good）.
Check the animal periodically for 24-48 hours.
Keep your distance.
Young animals/babies
If you find an abandoned young animal, separated from adults or left on its own — keep cats and dogs away and limit noise.
An adult may not return if it is noisy or if people are close by.
Get help for a wild animal
In Ontario, wildlife rehabilitators （复健员） are authorized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry to provide temporary care to sick, injured and abandoned wildlife so it can be returned to the wild. Rehabilitators commit significant time and resources, and many seek donations to assist with their work.
Every effort is made by wildlife rehabilitators to ensure wildlife in their care do not become tame （驯 服）.
Find a wildlife rehabilitator
To get help for a sick, injured or abandoned animal, you can contact:
• an authorized wildlife rehabilitator
• your local Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry district office
Health risks
If you come across sick or diseased wildlife and you suspect there is a public health risk （such as West Nile virus）, contact your regional or local health unit immediately: Ontario Public Health Units
Public safety
If the animal is alive and there is a public safety issue, contact your local police department.
1.Which is the general solution if you find an abandoned animal?
A.Leave it where it is and observe it. B.Remove it from its natural habitat.
C.Stay with it and care for it. D.Pretend not to have seen it.
2.Wildlife rehabilitators are devoted to_______ .
A.providing constant care to wildlife B.making wild animals well-tamed
C.releasing wildlife back to the wild D.donating large sums to charity
3.Who will you contact if you find a wild animal at the risk of public health in Ontario?
A.Ontario Public Health Units.
B.An authorized wildlife rehabilitator.
C.The local police department.
D.The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.
4.What's the purpose of the text?
A.To teach people how to train animals.
B.To give advice on protecting endangered wildlife.
C.To call on people to raise pets.
D.To introduce the animals in Ontario.
2018青岛上合组织峰会后；青岛受到国内外的关注。假如你是青岛某旅游公司的导游，正负责接待一个来自英国的旅游团，请你写一篇短文，简要介绍一下青岛。内容要点如下:
1.位于山东东部；
2.以蓝色的大海、美丽的海滨而闻名，是避暑胜地；
3.每年夏天有许多来自国内外的游客来到这里，你可以沿海漫步、游泳、观赏秀丽的景色；
4.近年来，青岛发生了巨大的变化，它在对外贸易方面起着重要的作用，青岛已成为国际港口城市。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to Qingdao.I’m very delighted to be your guide here.
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I think that teenage years should be the best in everyone life because you have few problems than adults.Most teenagers have a lot of friends with whom they can discuss things they are interesting in.Teenagers have a preference to up－to－date clothes and modern music.They also like do sports and compete.Their parents are such curious about their life that they’ll sometimes enter their rooms without a permission.Teenagers stop think like children as they grow up，and their beliefs and interests changes as well.So my opinion is that teenage years are total magical and I’d like to be a teenager forever.
