We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die, which was not talked about openly and little was written about it.
The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for. The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. And there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine. One day, her husband and son came to see me. They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. The kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial (人造的) kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.
Within a few days the patient awoke from her coma. About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. All that came out was, “We want you to know how wrong we were.”
The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly. At the time, there was a class discussing medical ethics(道德). The instructor asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion. I described the case and asked the students their opinion. After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. I said, “I’ll talk with the nurses before we decide.” The instructor and the students were shocked: “You mean this is a real patient?” The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality.
A day or two later, when the lady was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off in treatment. Soon she died quietly and not in pain. As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. And don’t discuss it with the world first. There is a lesson here for everybody. Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.
1.Why were the first patient’s husband and son disappointed at first?
A.Their wife and mother was going to die.
B.The doctor didn’t do as they asked to.
C.Their wife and mother had to receive an artificial kidney.
D.The doctor scolded them for their cruelty.
2.The author discussed with the students________.
A.how to help patients end their lives
B.the importance of saving patients’ lives
C.whether it is ethical to keep a patient alive on a breathing machine
D.the case about an old lady
3.Why was the instructor of ethnics shocked?
A.He had never discussed helping a patient in real life to die.
B.He thought it was cruel to assist the old lady to die.
C.He was not accustomed to talking about ethnical problems.
D.He felt he was challenged by the author.
4.The author suggested that doctors _______ before they assist a patient in killing himself.
A.discuss it with the others first
B.make sure there is no other choice left
C.be required to do so first by the patient
D.give the patient enough medicine
5.Which of the following can best describe the author?
A.Cruel. B.Determined.
C.Professional. D.Considerate.
“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,” said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that’s parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.
1.Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .
A.its founder, David Belle B.the film, Casino Royale
C.its risks and tricks D.the varieties of participants
2.The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”.
A.streets B.objects
C.barriers D.roofs
3.Which of the following is true of parkour?
A.It challenges human abilities. B.It is a good but boring sport.
C.It needs special training. D.It is a team sport.
4.Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?
A.Sports and extremes. B.Excitement and popularity.
C.Dreams and success. D.Determination and freedom.
5.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Overcoming Obstacles B.Philosophies behind Parkour
C.Joining Us in Parkour D.Getting to Know Parkour
The sky was getting dark as we walked through the forest. My two friends and I felt hot and ____. We were heading for a small village in northern India. The villagers were ____ us, but we were already four hours late.
As the last of the daylight ____, we began to feel very ____ and afraid. We tried to find our way to the village, but it was ____ to tell which path we should follow in the darkness. All around us, strange creatures made ____ noises as they woke up and began to hunt for food. We hoped they wouldn’t want to eat us!
Then George, who was in front, ____ suddenly. He ran towards us rapidly, pointing at a large, dark shape moving through the trees. We could ____ the black stripes (条纹) and shining yellow eyes of the most dangerous animal in the ____ We stared at the tiger, too ____ to move.
After a few seconds that felt like hours, there was the sound of branches (树枝)breaking, and the tiger jumped at us, roaring (咆哮) loudly. We ____, because we were sure it would kill us.
____, though, the tiger stopped —and then I noticed that it had six legs, two of them ____!
The “tiger” stood up, and a young man __ the striped skin covering his head and shoulders. “Hello!” he said, smiling broadly. “I’m Abi from the village. When you didn’t ____. we were worried, so I came to ____ you,” he explained. “It’s traditional for us to ____ the tiger skin to greet new guests... and I couldn’t help playing a trick on you! I hope you don’t ____.”
Recovering from the ____, we began to laugh. We followed Abi to his village, where the villagers gave us a warm ____.
1.A.cold B.angry C.hurt D.tired
2.A.expecting B.doubting C.accepting D.believing
3.A.broke B.continued C.approached D.disappeared
4.A.busy B.lost C.dirty D.hot
5.A.simple B.safe C.hard D.popular
6.A.funny B.impolite C.terrifying D.encouraging
7.A.started B.stopped C.smiled D.changed
8.A.see B.forget C.miss D.imagine
9.A.zoo B.forest C.garden D.house
10.A.excited B.puzzled C.ashamed D.frightened
11.A.laughed B.begged C.shouted D.argued
12.A.Immediately B.Unluckily C.Secretly D.Strangely
13.A.local B.human C.guests D.tigers
14.A.tried on B.took off C.threw away D.brought out
15.A.wait B.follow C.arrive D.leave
16.A.look for B.look after C.look at D.look to
17.A.send B.wear C.cut D.wave
18.A.mind B.fail C.work D.remember
19.A.pain B.injury C.shock D.accident
20.A.heart B.feeling C.welcome D.invitation
A couple of weeks ago，my dad，who is seventy－six，had an operation on his left knee. He came through the operation just fine and although they told him he would be in hospital for five days，he only stayed there for three days. He had a local anesthetic(局部麻醉)and was able to see and hear everything that went on in the operating room.
Later in his room，he was laughing as he told the story of hearing the hammer and saw as they took out the bone. With a smile on his face，he advised that the doctors should sharpen the saw，since he could smell the bone burning as they removed it.
The other day，one of the rubber tips on his walker wore out. Not wanting to damage the carpet or the kitchen floor，he went to his shop to find a new rubber tip. I was talking with my mom and after some time we got concerned，so I went out to see if he was OK. I walked into the shop to find him sitting on his work bench laughing. I asked what he was doing. He explained that since the rubber tip would not fit his walker，he was changing legs. It seems Mom’s walker，which she used five years ago，was broken on the top，but the legs were better than the ones on his walker.
Together my dad and I worked and worked，laughing all the time. The more trouble we had，the harder we laughed. I have been fortunate enough to have many such minutes with my dad.
1.When advising the doctors to sharpen the saw，the author’s father really intended to________.
A.be humorous
B.express his anger
C.make a complaint
D.make fun of the doctors
2.The author’s father went to his shop to________.
A.change legs
B.change his walker
C.find his wife’s walker
D.replace the rubber tip
3.Which of the following can best describe the author’s father?
A.Stupid. B.Smart.
C.Optimistic. D.Stubborn.
4.The author writes the text probably to ________.
A.warn us
B.encourage us
C.make us laugh
D.call on us to care for the disabled
单句语法填空
1.—Why did you make the kite of cloth instead of paper?
—Because paper ____________ (tear) easily.
2.The young man glared ____________ the naughty boys and they kept silent at once.
3.The library requires ____________ (clean)，but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
4.You’d better get up as early as possible，____________ you may miss the train.
5.We crowded ________ the hall，and found it crowded ________ so many people busy preparing for the job interview.
6.As far as I know，her mother hardly ever shouted at her ____________ anger.
7.Have you written back yet，thanking her for her ____________ (invite)?
8.Hold ____________ a moment and I will go to your rescue.
单词拼写
1.Many stars are ________ (看不见的) without a telescope.
2.The store was ________ (挤满) with shoppers.
3.A ________ (堆) of dirty clothes lay by the washing machine.
4.Seeing the young man trying to rob her bag，the lady ________ (怒目而视) at him and fought back.
5.Everyone ________ (鞠躬) as Queen walked into the room.
6.An ambulance ________ (急驰)to the scene of the accident just now.
