请阅读下面这段文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
How much money should I spend each month? This is asked by college students at the start of every term, and it’s become a hot topic of discussion following a controversial online post. The post was about a college student who demanded 4,500 yuan for monthly living expenses from her mom, reported China Daily
In the post, this new college student explained that her school is in a top-tier city and that her expenses included skin-care products and new clothes. Her mother did not agree and “only” gave her 2,000 yuan.
The post started a heated debate. Some people came to her defense. Girls invest a lot in skin-care products and new clothes while boys invest much in shoes, latest electronic devices and equipment for games.
However, someone thinks 4,500 yuan is too much. According to a 2019 report, students in 15 cities spent more than 1,500 yuan a month on average. Beijing topped the list at 2,400 yuan, and Shanghai followed close behind at 2,300 yuan. In some cities, a parent may only earn a monthly salary of 4,000 or 5,000 yuan. Nevertheless, some students insist on buying Dyson vacuum cleaners (吸尘器) for their dormitories instead of common brooms. Others demand Apple laptops to study at Starbucks, instead of going to the library.
（写作内容）
1．用约 30 个词概括上文内容；
2．用约 120 个词谈谈你对这一现象的看法，包括如下要点：
（1）分析哪些原因造成了大学生生活开销的上涨（不少于两点）；
（2）你觉得文中该大学生的要求是否合理？请阐述你的理由或建议（不少于两点）。
（写作要求） 不能直接引用原文句子。
请认真阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。
When times are tough, how should governments in poor countries ensure their citizens remain fed? In the past, most of them used subsidies (现金补助) to keep food prices low for all their citizens. But these policies have become ineffective: the cost of maintaining Egypt’s food subsidies, for instance, nearly doubled between 2009 and 2013. And much of the money goes to the wrong people. In Egypt and the Philippines less than 20% of spending on food subsidies goes to poor households. In the Middle East and North Africa only 35% of subsidies reach 40% of the poorest, the IMF notes.
Motivated by a desire to control growing budget deficits (赤字) , many countries are replacing broad subsidies with policies aimed more directly at the needy. But what form should the targeted aid take? Earlier this month Iran introduced free handouts of food to replace its subsidy method. Other countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have chosen instead to provide extra cash benefits to the poor. So far, food vouchers (代金券) have been the least popular option. Proposals to introduce food vouchers in such countries as Malaysia have been rejected on the basis that they were too American and un-Asian.
However, the researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) thought that might have been a mistake and analyzed the results of an experiment conducted by the World Food Programme in Ecuador, a South American country, in 2011, which compared handouts of food, cash and vouchers in the experiment. The study found that direct handouts— Iran’s new policy—were the least effective option. They cost three times as much as vouchers to promote calorie intake by 15%, and were four times as costly as a way of increasing dietary diversity and quality. Distribution costs were high, and wastage was also a problem. Only 63% of the food given away was actually eaten, while 83% of the cash was spent on food and 99% of the vouchers were exchanged as intended. Food handouts have also been the costliest option in similar projects in some African countries, according to John Hoddinott at IFPRI.
In Ecuador there was little difference in cost between handing out cash and food vouchers, the other two options. But food vouchers were better at encouraging people to buy healthier foods because of restrictions on what items could be exchanged for them. It was 25% cheaper to promote the quality of household nutrition using food vouchers than it was by handing out cash.
A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developing countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.
Topic | Feeding expectations: Why food vouchers are a policy 1. consideration in developing countries? |
Aim of universal subsidies | To 2. for the citizens in poor countries. |
Analyses of three policies | Cash ●It keeps food prices low for all citizens. ●It is not 3. in the long term: ＊The cost keeps increasing. ＊Much of the money doesn’t reach those really in 4. . |
Handouts of food ●The food can reach the needy 5. . ●They cost twice more than vouchers to promote calorie intake. ●A lot of the food handed out is wasted, thus 6. a matter of wastage. | |
Food vouchers ●They work better when it 7. to encouraging people to buy healthier foods. ●8. with handing out cash, using food vouchers costs much less. ●They are too American and un-Asian. | |
Conclusion | It’s a 9. to use vouchers in many developing countries because it not only helps to10. poverty but also promotes health most efficiently. |
请认真阅读下列各个小题，并根据上下文语境和所给首字母的提示，写出下列各句空格中的单词，注意保持语义和形式的一致。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
1.— Why have you been so restless these days?
— Air tickets are in shortage. We are struggling to get seats on a plane b____for Mexico.
2.— Susan, do you know the meaning of “Brexit”?
— Yes. It refers to Britain exiting from the EU, namely, the s ____ from EU.
3.— Have you heard of the famous translator Xu Yuanchong, who is still devoted to his work at the age of 98?
— Absolutely! C____ his age, he leads a very active life.
4.— To fit in the new working environment and master professional skills, Jason attended a night school.
— The new job gave him passion and added a new d____ to his life.
5.— With the rise of online stores, numerous physical stores have been closed down in Suzhou. — It is the law of the j ____ . You have to be strong enough to succeed.
A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.
Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That’s the future our foremothers fought for.
But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like “I Love Lucy” and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片) , I think it’s important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.
For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving.
“Why would you want that?” she said. “Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven.”
She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.
Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasn’t fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.
She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day
When she wasn’t trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.
I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.
No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day?
I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.
But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women “having it all”. How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream
A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.
And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color and poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.
Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.
We still don’t have pay equality and in many states, we still don’t have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.
And while it’s getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running a household and raising the children.
But at least we can get jobs. At least we don’t have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.
1.According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?
A.Watching shows like “I Love Lucy” and listening to vinyl recordings.
B.Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.
C.Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.
D.Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 13 refer to?
A.Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.
B.Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.
C.Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.
D.Women’s illusion about “having it all”.
3.What does the “Stockholm Syndrome” in paragraph 14 really mean in the passage?
A.Women have been used to the unfair treatment at home
B.Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.
C.Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.
D.Women have the chance to live out their dreams.
4.The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.
A.fantastic B.admirable
C.awful D.unforgettable
5.What can we learn from the passage?
A.It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.
B.All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.
C.Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.
D.The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.
6.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To show great appreciation to her grandmas.
B.To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.
C.To draw readers’ attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.
D.To arouse women’s awareness of equal pay at work.
It started during a yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a feeling completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack.
She didn’t share similar symptoms with someone who was likely to have a heart attack. She exercised, watched her plate and did not smoke. But on reviewing her medical history, I found that her cholesterol (胆固醇) level was sky-high. She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the Internet. She was the victim of fake medical news.
While misinformation has been the object of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might lead to an increase in deaths. As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the Internet—and they have very real bad consequences.
False medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the “nocebo effect (反安慰剂效应) ”. Sometimes patients benefit from an intervention (干预) simply because they believe they will—that’s the placebo effect (安慰剂效应) . The nocebo effect is the opposite. Patients can experience harmful effects because they anticipate them. This is very true of statins. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo. Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs.
What else is on the fake news hit list? As always, vaccines (疫苗) . False concerns that the vaccine may cause side effects have greatly reduced coverage rates.
Cancer is another big target for pushers of medical misinformation—many of whom refuse alternative therapies. “Though most people think cancer tumors are bad, they’re actually the way your body attempts to contain the harmful cells,” one fake news story reads. It warns that prescription medications lead to the uncontrolled cell mutations (变异) .
Silicon Valley needs to face this problem. I am not a free-speech lawyer, but when human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. Meanwhile, journalists should do a better job of spreading accurate information.
1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A.the woman paid little attention to her daily diets
B.the unhealthy lifestyle might lead to the woman’s heart attack
C.the symptom of the heart attack was familiar to the woman
D.the woman didn’t take the prescription due to fake medical news
2.According to the passage, the placebo effect functions because patients ________.
A.neglect necessary treatment B.discontinue the harmful drugs
C.believe the benefits of an intervention D.suffer more side effects
3.What does the author mean by claiming that “he is not a free-speech lawyer” in the last paragraph?
A.He is a lawyer very easy to speak to.
B.He is good at speaking because of his job.
C.He is available to give a speech on the law.
D.He is very cautious when speaking something
4.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A.remind us to take medication as prescribed
B.warn us against fake medical news on the Internet
C.encourage journalists to report more positive news events
D.teach us how to distinguish fake medical news on the Internet
For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and our status to a considerable extent. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, and that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. For the foreseeable future, however, the material and psychological rewards which work can provide will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer.
Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions where their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination or initiative.
Inequality at work is still one of the most glaring (明显的) forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we handle it determinedly.
The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning. They are able to exercise responsibility. They have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’ working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunities to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in intolerable conditions. The majority have little control over their work. It provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Many jobs are so routine that workers feel themselves to be mere cogs (齿轮) in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated (疏远) from their work and their firm.
1.In the writer’s opinion, people judge others mainly by ________.
A.the type of work they do B.the place where they work
C.the time they spend at work D.the amount of money they earn
2.According to the writer, to solve problems in an industrial society, we ________.
A.should create more working opportunities for the poor
B.have to get rid of the unequal aspects in work
C.had better cancel all managing positions in a company
D.should encourage the manual workers to promote efficiency
3.What advantage does the writer say managers have over workers?
A.They won’t be out of work.
B.They get time off to learn constantly.
C.They can work at what interests them.
D.They have complete control over themselves.
