Smoking is harmful. But as soon as you quit the habit, everything will be OK, right? Wrong.
New research has found that even if you give up smoking, the damage it has done to your genes will stay there for a much longer time. In the research, a team of US scientists studied the blood of 16,000 people. Among them, some were smokers, some used to smoke, and the rest were non-smokers. Scientists compared their genes and found that more than 7,000 genes of smokers had changed--a number that is one-third of known human genes.
According to NBC News, both heart disease and cancer are caused by genetic changes. Some people may have had the changes when they were born, but most people get them in their day-to-day lives while doing things like smoking.
When you stop smoking, a lot of these genes will return to normal within five years.
This means your body is trying to heal (治愈) itself of the harmful effects of smoking. But the changes in some of the genes stay for longer. They can stay for as long as 30 years, It’s almost like leaving a footprint on wet cement (水泥)----it will always be there, even when you’ve walked away and when the cement becomes dry.
Although the study results may make people unhappy, there is a bright side: the findings could help scientists invent medicine to treat genetic damage caused by smoking or find ways to tell which people have heart disease or cancer risks.
1.The function of Paragraph 1 is to_________ .
A.introduce the topic of the passage B.give an example
C.make an argument D.show the main idea of the passage
2.Most genetic changes happen because of___________ .
A.people’s condition at birth B.environmental pollution
C.people’s bad living habit D.heart disease and cancer
3.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to__________ .
A.the footprint B.the cement
C.the harmful effect D.the genetic change
4.Which of the following statements is true?
A.The findings are the fruit of more than three years’ research.
B.The findings have prevented more people from starting smoking
C.The findings offer evidence that a damaged gene can heal itself.
D.The findings help to find cures for genetic damage caused by smoking.
I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles”(风格)of directions every time I ask “ How can I get to the post office?”
Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的)in Japan because most streets there don’t have names. In Japan, people use landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “ Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat. In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “ Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map. They measure distance in time, not miles. “ How far away is the post office?” you ask. “ Oh,” they answer, “ it’s about five minutes from here.” You say, “ Yes, but how many miles is it?” They don’t know.
It’s true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, “ Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “ I don't know”. People in Yucatan believe that “I don't know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
1.When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually _______ .
A.describe the place carefully
B.show him a map of the place
C.tell him the names of the streets
D.refer to recognizable buildings and places
2.What is the place where people measure distance in time?
A.New York. B.Los Angles.
C.Kansas C. Iowa
3.People inYucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________ .
A.in order to save time B.as a test
C.so as to be polite D.for fun
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B.It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C.People have similar understanding of politeness.
D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
单句语法填空
1.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ____________（share）a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
2.He was hurt ____________ seriously in the car accident that he was sent to hospital at once.
3.The ball hit him ____________ hard that he nearly fell down.
4.It was ____________ a foolish decision that none in the team agreed.
5.There are ____________ many picture books in the bookstore that the little boy doesn’t want to leave.
6.He gave me ____________ little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time.
7.They are ____________ fine teachers that we all have the greatest respect for them.
8.It is ____________ nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.
9.There were __________ few guests attending my birthday party that I felt greatly sad.
10.My hometown had changed ____________ much that I could hardly recognize it.
单句改错
1.Saving time, our teacher had us do half the exercises in class.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Talk quietly in the reading room in order to disturb others.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3.The meeting room is such small that it can only hold less than ten people.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4.He made such a progress that he did well in the mid-term exam.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5.She is the first woman have won the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6.The question discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
7.We are not allowed come back home late before we are 18.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
8.The newspaper offered making an apology（道歉）to him for the article in the newspaper.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9.We agreed to meeting here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
10.Because of the heavy rain of last night, now there is such much water in the street that people can’t drive to work.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
When I was younger，I was deeply attracted by stories of magic. I read lots of books where wizards (巫师) and _______ fought against the powers of darkness in strange worlds. I got excited _______ they brought peace and happiness to their lands. Like most of the readers，I secretly _______ the magical power for myself. I wanted to be able to magically make my pain _______，to make my troubles go away，and to have _______ over this world.
As I got older，however，I realized that there was no such thing as _______. And worse still，the terrible reality of life _______，because I needed to try _______ through a long period of poverty (贫穷). I had daily pain from a back hurt that never _______ right. I felt sad and sorry when both of my sons were ________ with autism(自闭症).
Then one day I began to discover a ________ magic，which is different from that in the stories. This magic grew ________ in my mind day by day. It was ________ “love”. It connected me to my own highest self and to all of the other ________ in this world. It didn’t drive away my poverty ________ it made every day of my life feel richer. It didn’t make my back ________ go away but it helped me deal with it so much better. It didn’t ________ my sons’ Autism，but it helped me see them as the beautiful，lovely，and ________ ones.
There is such a thing as magic in this world. It’s named “love”. May you choose it，________ it，and live in it every day of your life. May you use it to help others，to heal this world and make this world a(n) ________ place.
1.A.leaders B.fighters C.athletes D.challengers
2.A.when B.before C.since D.till
3.A.depended on B.turned on C.set up D.wished for
4.A.move B.produce C.increase D.disappear
5.A.attitude B.power C.courage D.trust
6.A.past B.beauty C.magic D.force
7.A.stopped B.kicked C.came D.warned
8.A.hard B.immediately C.slowly D.sorely
9.A.began B.performed C.managed D.remained
10.A.showed B.announced C.accepted D.comforted
11.A.famous B.brave C.kind D.special
12.A.stronger B.heavier C.worse D.easier
13.A.created B.timed C.called D.supported
14.A.spirits B.conditions C.products D.ways
15.A.and B.so C.or D.but
16.A.situation B.pain C.treatment D.story
17.A.change B.expect C.excite D.form
18.A.helpless B.surprising C.joyful D.hopeless
19.A.influence B.refuse C.share D.keep
20.A.interesting B.unbelievable C.unforgettable D.loving
The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally help people protect the environment. It’s a village in Panama that is going to be made of used plastic bottles.
The village will include about 120 homes of different sizes. The design begins with building structures of steel(钢铁)，which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete，and electrical lines are put inside，the plastic walls are covered by concrete(混凝土)—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides，the material will keep the house 17 ℃ cooler than the temperature outside，which is the biggest advantage to people living inside.
The village is the work of Robert Bezeau with the purpose of setting up some environmental projects. Having started a recycling program in 2012，during which a number of plastic bottles were collected，he started to think how they could be put to use. Soon enough，he decided to use them to build houses.
Over 10，000 plastic bottles were used to build the first house，which was completed late last year. The bottles were gained from the same recycling project that Robert had set up. The next home is expected to be bigger，and will need more bottles. The special homes will be sold on request for anywhere between $149，000 and $300，000. The village will also feature its living environment，such as gardens，mini－parks，and more.
22，000 plastic bottles are thrown away around the world per second. While all these bottles clearly cannot be reused into homes，the project hopes to raise the attention of the waste. The village will also create an education center that will teach people from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as building materials.
1.What is so special about the homes in the village?
A.They can stop people from being cold.
B.They are built out of plastic bottles.
C.They are being built by famous artists.
D.They are sold for anyone from anywhere.
2.The biggest advantage for the people living in the special houses lies in ________.
A.the cool temperature
B.environmental protection
C.cutting down the cost
D.different sizes
3.We can infer from Paragraph 3 that Robert Bezeau is________.
A.honest B.kind
C.serious D.creative
4.According to the passage，the village________.
A.is made up of 120 homes of the same size
B.will start another recycling program in the future
C.is introducing modern science to the villagers
D.will offer the villagers good living environment
