Andrew Grey doesn’t fit most people’s idea of an astronomer. He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope.
Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.
“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in,” says Chris Lincoln, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.
“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project,” Dr. Linton says. “Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial. Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, don’t stay focused on what they’re supposed to. And that’s good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in s data set.
“And citizen science doesn’t have to be directed by a scientist,” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University. “Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists,” she says. That’s what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry. For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them. Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.
As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that were intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”
1.What made citizen scientists appear?
A.The high level of science projects B.The development of technology.
C.The support of the government. D.The foundation of Zooniverse.
2.What is a human advantage in pattern recognition compared with machines?
A.Humans can identify patterns mare swiftly.
B.Humans focus their attention on data.
C.Humans can observe uncommon things.
D.Humans have stronger emotions.
3.What is Lincon’s attitude towards citizen science?
A.Favorable. B.Cautious.
C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful.
4.What would be the best title of the text?
A.Citizen scientists can be intelligent. B.Science is important to everyone.
C.Anyone can be a scientist. D.Science is everywhere.
I’m Amanda Gorman, I’ve been crazy about writing poetry since third grade. After polishing my skills for about a decade and having judges review my poetry and videos of my performances, I was named the country’s Youth Poet Laureate in 2017, I’ve read my work at the Library of Congress. It’s been an excellent journey especially since I used to have trouble saying half the alphabet.
My twin sister Sarah and I were born very prematurely, which led to lots of ear infections. I didn’t have as much luck as Sarah and the ear infections left me with a severe hearing problem, making it difficult to understand speech, which caused me to develop a speech impediment. My sister would have to translate when I spoke because people had no idea what I was saying. Writing wasn’t just fun: it was a way to have my voice heard and to stop me from feeling pity for my disability. And I was determined to read my poetry in front of audiences.
Our single mom couldn’t always afford medical help. Sometimes she had to choose: Shall I put food on the table or make sure Amanda can say this word? When we couldn’t pay, I’d spend about an hour a day recording my talking and correcting the mistakes gain and again. But poetry was a constant. I didn’t need expensive materials to train myself to be better at that.
At age 20, I still suffer from self-doubt, but i have got a necklace which my grandmother gave me. When I’m nervous before performing, I hold it and say, “I am the daughter of black writers who fought for their freedom, broke their chains and changed the world” And 100 percent of the time after saying that, I’m ready to go.
1.Why was the visit to the Library of Congress special for Amanda?
A.She received a big award after the visit.
B.She was inspired to write poetry there.
C.She did some reading for an audience.
D.She succeeded in saying the alphabet there.
2.How is Sarah different from Amanda?
A.Sarah is physically healthier.
B.Sarah finds writing much more fun.
C.Sarah likes public speaking a lot more.
D.Sarah didn’t have ear infections as a baby.
3.What did Amanda think of her mom?
A.Her mom didn’t like setting the table.
B.Her mom struggled to support the family.
C.Her mom showed little concern for her.
D.Her mom was good at correcting her mistakes.
4.What can be inferred about Amanda from the last paragraph?
A.She’s a black writer. B.She’s always confident.
C.She has many necklaces. D.She aims to change the world.
Students today have an important and wonderful advantage: social media. However, we should know that not all social media platforms are created equal.
Advantage: Twitter is best for conducting quick surveys and advertising. Twitter is also great for keeping up with current events. By following active politicians, we are becoming more familiar with their policies and their faces. Twitter is also better for online debates because of the character limit.
Disadvantage: Twitter’s disadvantage is that you can see so many things you’re not interested in because the people you follow retweet these posts.
Advantage: Its best uses are keeping up with family and high school friends. Also Facebook makes it extremely easy to inform students about concerts and fairs. It’s the only big social media platform—where you can create specific albums for different things.
Disadvantage: Facebook’s biggest downfall is that if you comment on anything, you get notifications for every other comment. Additionally, debates about everything under the sun.
Snapchat
Advantage: The best social media platform for socializing is actually Snapchat. Snapchat works quickly and gives you the freedom to be spontaneous (常心血来潮的) with your posts. It gives you the most insight into the people you follow or are friends with. In high school, my friends would always tell me, You’d probably know more about our lives if you were on Snapchat.
Disadvantage: On Snapchat, stories disappear alter 24 hours and you can miss some great moment if you don’t check it regularly.
Advantage: It’s like an online diary of our best moments. For many of us, posting on Instagram is like the college version of show-and-tell.
Disadvantage: It has too many advertisements. Many times when you just want to see what your friends have recently posted, the app throws in an advertisement that looks like any other post.
1.Why is Twitter considered annoying?
A.It always has various repetitive contents.
B.It almost focuses too much on politicians.
C.It seldom keeps up with current events.
D.It often asks users to do quick surveys.
2.What is Facebook suitable for?
A.Making contents. B.Doing quick surveys.
C.Running advertisements. D.Producing different albums.
3.In which platform will you probably miss some posts after a day?
A.Twitter. B.Facebook.
C.Snapchat. D.Instagram.
句子翻译
1.回想起那段在英国读书的时光，我感到非常的幸运和满足。
_____________
2.好在这些成长的烦恼并不会持久。
_____________
3.赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学业并取得好成绩。
_____________
4.他坚决要求每天有充足的睡眠时间。
_____________
单词拼写
1.The autumn outing was more e______ than we had expected. All of us had a good time.
2.The terrible earthquake d_____ the whole city, causing millions of people to be homeless.
3.Bonny had no p_____ to wait any longer, so she left without a word.
4.He is a very s_____ man who always thinks of himself.
5.Teachers can’t t_____ cheating in the exams.
6.The ship struck the rocks and s______ in no time.
7.Daniel is a spoilt kid and it’s about time he learnt to behave p_____.
8.Don’t be a______ of your body. You should learn to appreciate yourself.
9.You will need all kinds of skills, i______ leadership and communication.
10.A large amount of money was spent on the e______ of the new gym, such as running machines and spinnings.
阅读下面短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1.(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, some of 2. looked very anxious and 3.(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4. the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5.(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop 6. we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7. (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s 8. (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase 9. (thank). Everyone on the bus began talking about 10. the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.
