The negative health effects of being economical on sleep during the week can't be reversed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study.
Researchers have long known that routine sleep lack can cause weight gain and increase other health risks,including diabetes. But those who force themselves out of bed sleepy each weekday after too few hours of shut-eyed, hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and compensate any ill effects.
The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption （新陈代谢紊乱）that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of insufficient sleep, those gains were wiped out when people plunged back into their same sleep-deprived （剥夺） schedule the next Monday.
"If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they're gone when you go back to your routine. It's very short-lived," said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology laboratory at the University of Colorado, who oversaw the work. "It's kind of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be. ”
Michael Grandner , director of the sleep and health research program said that the study reinforces the concept that people need to stop thinking of sleep as a balance sheet. Imagine a person who ate nothing but cheeseburgers and french-fries Monday through Friday, but dined only on celery and kale on the weekend and tried to call that a healthy diet. Hugely cutting calories all week and then eating a giant pizza on Saturday wouldn't restore balance either.
1.According to the passage what is the possible result of lack of sleep?
A.Weight loss in a long run.
B.Higher risks of diabetes.
C.Being too weak to marathon.
D.Dying a premature death.
2.What does Wright want to show about catch-up sleep by mentioning smoking?
A.The influence is long-term.
B.The benefits are subtle.
C.The consequence is overlooked.
D.The immediate effects are obvious.
3.Those who favor weekend recovery sleep are likely to believe that______.
A.junk food can be balanced by occasional healthy diets
B.cheeseburgers and french-fries are healthy diets
C.celery and kale are healthy if eaten on the weekend
D.Saturday pizzas are very helpful to gain weight
4.The passage is intended to______.
A.deny a previous concept B.introduce a new study
C.promote a healthy lifestyle D.compare two studies
There was no one quite like my father in our town. When any other man had an extra dollar, he bought a drink; when Father had an extra dollar, he bought a book. Other people had pictures on their walls; we had books, 3000 of them, lining every vertical surface of our little four-room house.
Father was the most persistent scholar I ever knew. He earned seven degrees, attended 11 different colleges and universities, and in 1951, when he was 82, sent us a cheerful little note from England to say that he had just enrolled for a graduate course in Elizabethan literature at Oxford.
I was the immediate beneficiary of Father's unbelievable hunger to learn. Every spring, he would take me hiking through the mountains to study mineral formations. On clear winter nights, he would set up a telescope and wake me to view the stars. After I grew up, wherever I traveled around this earth, the stars remained my friends.
Plain, distinct speech was a particular concern of my father and he was constantly drilling me in the art of elocution （演讲技巧）.Before I was three, he was reading aloud to me from the Bible, Shakespeare and Mark Twain. Thereafter, read aloud to him so he could work on my diction. By the time I was in the fifth grade, I could recite from a whole range of classical literature and poetry.
Of course, there had been times as a young man, when I got tired of study and devoted my time to playing. Then Father would admonish me succinctly by quoting a saying from Shakespeare, "If all the year were playing holidays, to sport would be as tedious （乏味的）as to work."
Obviously, his efforts were not entirely in vain, for my voice has enabled me to earn a fair livelihood. But that fact doesn't begin to define the enormous debt I owe my father.
1.What contributed to my father's being a successful scholar?
A.His gift for academic studies.
B.The academic environment in our town.
C.The wealth of his family.
D.His lifelong passion for knowledge.
2.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined words in Paragraph 5?
A.Criticize me briefly. B.Comfort me patiently.
C.Praise me gently. D.Challenge me bravely.
3.Which of the words below can best describe the author's father?
A.Stubborn and lazy. B.Kind and generous.
C.Consistent and strict. D.Understanding and moody.
4.What may be the best title for the passage?
A.A Successful Scholar B.Enormous Debt
C.Secrets of My livelihood D.Father and Son
Washington State is best known for its biggest city of Seattle, but it is also home to a staggering number of scenic destinations. Below are the four must-visit places in Washington State as you plan your next trip.
Lake Chelan
Lake Chelan is a hub for scenery, outdoor recreation and wine Lasting in the Pacific Northwest. You can spend a day sipping and sightseeing at places like Vin du Lac Winery, Karma Vineyards or Mellisoni Vineyards. Ride on a seaplane that takes off and lands in the lake itself, or try water-skiing during the summer months. Hiking possibilities are abundant, and on Historic Main Street you can dine on farm-to-table cuisine from a range of independent eateries.
Columbia River Gorge
South of the Rattlesnake Hills, and right in the heart of the Columbia River Plateau, is the Columbia River Gorge. The gorge cuts through the Cascade Mountains forming the boundary between Washington and Oregon, and you can get spectacular views of the gorge from above. The Multnomah Falls cascade right into the gorge at one point, only adding to the beauty of this particular destination.
Spokane
After Seattle, Spokane is the largest city in Washington, and it is located in the eastern portion of the state close to the border with Idaho. In Spokane, you can visit the Riverfront Park and stroll along the banks of the scenic Spokane River. Some of the city's top attractions include the John A. Finch Arboretum,the Northwest Museuni of Arts and Culture and Spokane Falls. You may also want
to check out some of the city's popular golf courses or take a tasting tour through some of the world- famous breweries.
North Cascades National Park
The park is home to a large amount of wildlife, including animals like grizzly bears, gray wolves and lynx. Hike or drive to Mount Baker, a volcano located within the North Cascades, to get an unparalleled view of the nearby Mt. Shuksan, which is definitely the most photographed in all of North America.
1.Which of the following activities does Lake Chelan offer?
A.Golfing. B.Hiking.
C.Parachuting. D.Motorcycling.
2.Which place appeals to photographers most?
A.Rattlesnake Hills. B.Karma Vineyards.
C.Mt. Shuksan. D.Spokane Falls.
3.Which two places are recommended to enjoy alcoholic drinks?
A.North Cascades National Park & Spokane.
B.Lake Chelan & Columbia River Gorge.
C.Spokane & Lake Chelan.
D.Lake Chelan & North Cascades National Park.
假定你是李华，你和英国留学生Kerry通过网络互相帮助，学习彼此的母语，但你现在学习忙，无法继续此事。请按以下提示给Kerry 写邮件说明此事：
1. 肯定对方取得的进步；
2. 表达歉意并说明原因；
3. 希望得到他的谅解；
注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kerry,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）。并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。
In the past, we usually go shopping in stores, supermarkets and malls. And nowadays, shopping online has become an important part of many people’s life.
According to a study on online shopping in China, the number of online shopping in China has already come 0.67 billion, only second to that in America. It is show that most of them are people aged from 18 to 35. Besides, many women than men prefer online shopping.
There are various reason for people’s preference for online shopping. First of all, it’s advantage is to spare much time and trouble in shopping outside. In an addition, various goods attract people, especially young people who are more particularly about styles and fashions. Last but not least, online shopping has a greater advantage in price, which can attracted online shoppers.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Classrooms1.(change) little in the past few centuries. Students attend class, take notes and do their homework. The teacher lectures and administrators a test. Students get their grades and move on to the next topic. By and large, students --- 2.(especial) the most disadvantaged ones --- attend the school or university3.(build) near their home, regardless of its quality.
These routines are starting to change. In a small but growing number of schools, students watch 4.(lecture) online and come to class prepared to handle homework and work with teachers and classmates. They interact with computer programs that allow them to work5. their own pace. Teachers rely on the same programs 6.(score) tests and essays. And local schools are no longer a pupil’s only option. Start-ups and nonprofits make high-quality courses available online to anyone with an Internet 7.(connect).
What is driving this digital revolution? One factor is that schools and universities are under 8.(great) pressure than ever before. More and more students are seeking higher levels of education at a time 9.many schools cannot hire the teachers they need. At the same time, governments and institutions are raising10.standard for what students should know at every stage of school.
