阅读下面材料.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people take the idea of saving money very seriously. Back in 1924, in Italy, a group of people1. (think) the inability to resist spending a major social problem. They had the idea of starting a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day. This is how World Saving Day, held on Oct 31st 2.(annual) ,was started, and it's still going strong in 2019.
Not surprisingly, a movement 3.（ target ） the poor was started. People in the underdeveloped world are more open 4. calls to be careful with money. But 5. idea of being thrifty （节俭）has also become popular among the rich. Take Mark Zuckerberg for example. The Facebook founder, one of the world's 6.（ rich） people, doesn't spend very much money on himself.
Other people don't spend money because they don't like the culture of 7.（ consume）. This is connected to the view 8. we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in, rather than with what we buy.
But however we view money, moderate 9. （spend） is certainly a good idea when we are still too young to get a job. There is a British saying that offers some good advice in this situation: “ Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after 10.（they）."
Growing up, I thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. But my ___wasn't with math itself. In fact, I spent countless hours as a child doing logic and math puzzles ______ .
By high school, none of my teachers ___ my mathematical talent, but none of them really encouraged it, either. What I wanted to do was play college football. My ambition was to get an athletic ______to attend a Big Ten school. The chances were quite ______ .
Thai didn't____me from dreaming, though. And it didn't stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and ____ me to work for it. They made videotapes of my performances and sent them to college coaches. It didn't____that I didn't initially attract much interest from the big schools. My coaches kept ____ the phone, and kept convincing me to try to prove myself. ______ ,a Big Ten school, Penn State, did offer me a scholarship.
I wish math teachers were more like football coaches. Don't ____ me wrong： I don't blame my math teachers. They taught me well. When I got to Penn State, where I majored in mathematics, I was prepared to do the ______ at an advanced level.
A study shows that students are affected by more than _____ the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers, and they seek a sense of ________. There are many ways to be an effective teacher, _____ there are many ways to be an effective coach. Until I got to college, I didn't really know what mathematics was. My professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them. Before long, he was _____ me to problems never solved before, and urging me to find new ______ to figure them out.
The mathematical research I was doing had little in common with what I did in my high school.
______, it was closer to the math and logic puzzles I did on my own as a boy. It gave me that same sense of wonder and curiosity, and it _______ creativity.
I am now a PhD in mathematics and have published several papers in mathematic journals. I wish I'd known this was ______ when I was a kid.
1.A.delight B.problem C.withdrawal D.goal
2.A.angrily B.altogether C.passively D.alone
3.A.appreciated B.admitted C.questioned D.evaluated
4.A.document B.scholarship C.criterion D.training
5.A.remote B.realistic C.strong D.necessary
6.A.defend B.excuse C.discourage D.save
7.A.following B.warning C.begging D.pushing
8.A.work B.count C.occur D.help
9.A.putting away B.hanging on C.picking up D.holding out
10.A.Obviously B.Finally C.Consequently D.Easily
11.A.get B.make C.prove D.leave
12.A.experiment B.practice C.survey D.subject
13.A.still B.even C.just D.yet
14.A.purpose B.belonging C.relief D.duty
15.A.since B.as C.while D.unless
16.A.applying B.putting C.devoting D.introducing
17.A.policies B.techniques C.agendas D.assessments
18.A.Thus B.Similarly C.Gradually D.Instead
19.A.rewarded B.deserved C.lacked D.acquired
20.A.imaginary B.unique C.possible D.popular
Decision-making can be extremely difficult. 1.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the "I to you" approach while Japan, the "you to you" approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation （冲突） situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.2.Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual （相互的）attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the worker. 3.Based on "bottom-up direction" , ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.
4. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a "you to you** approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. 5. Where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace at which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerns, perhaps, lag behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.
A. In general, harmony is hard to achieve in most Western companies.
B. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.
C. Thai's why Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in Japanese businesses.
D. Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles.
E. The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person's point of view.
F. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
G. Brainstorming plays a significant role in both Western and Eastern decision-making.
With a rise in the number of allergies and worries over exposure to chemicals, more people are looking for alternative ways to clean their homes. To this end, some people are turning to the use of garbage enzyme (酶)--a concentrated liquid produced from fruit and vegetable waste. Garbage enzyme can be easily produced in the home, and has many uses, including as a cleansing agent, insect killer and even shampoo.
At the same time, it is hoped that the production and use of garbage enzyme will help reduce household waste and encourage people to take the initiative in sorting their trash.
The concept of using home-produced enzymes entered China several years ago when a special bucket imported from Japan was promoted by some health experts as a means of making healthy drinks. While the effectiveness of the enzyme drink remains unproven, garbage enzyme has been shown to be effective as an agent for cleaning toilets and floors, and as a fertilizer for plants.
Making wet garbage into an enzyme solution has been practiced in Southeast Asian countries for decades, greatly reducing household waste and protecting the environment by reducing the use of bleach (漂白剂) and other strong chemicals. Many people have realized that chemicals do harm to human body and the more garbage enzyme they make, the more good it does to the environment.
Any reduction in the volume of household garbage will benefit the city. Shanghai produces the largest amount of garbage than any other city in China. It is also home to the largest refuse landfill in Asia, the Laogang Refuse Landfill in Pudong New Area, which occupies a total area of about 30 square kilometers. It is struggling to accommodate all of the city's garbage, with a fifth phase under construction. The landfill and its surrounding areas are heavily polluted, something that nearby residents have been complaining about for years. The process of making enzyme solution consumes wet garbage. This means residents don't produce wet garbage after they start to make garbage enzyme. They even find the amount of wet garbage produced by their families is insufficient, so that they have to ask for garbage from their neighbors. Another advantage is that producing garbage enzyme encourages people to think more about garbage separation — something the local government has been trying to encourage but which still is not practiced by some residents.
1.Which of the following belongs to the usage of garbage enzyme?
A.Making plants more fragrant.
B.Creating materials to clean houses.
C.Producing effective healthy drinks.
D.Reducing the amount of dry garbage.
2.What is the writer's attitude toward garbage enzyme?
A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous. C.Favorable. D.Skeptical.
3.How will garbage enzyme possibly affect people in the future?
A.It will force people to ask for more garbage from their neighbors.
B.It will prevent people from using chemicals to clean their houses.
C.It will shelter people from household garbage pollution for good and all.
D.It will make people take garbage separation seriously before dumping it.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The threat of constructing more landfills.
B.How to classify garbage wisely and practically.
C.How to make garbage enzyme at home successfully.
D.The practice of turning leftover into a household product.
The negative health effects of being economical on sleep during the week can't be reversed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study.
Researchers have long known that routine sleep lack can cause weight gain and increase other health risks,including diabetes. But those who force themselves out of bed sleepy each weekday after too few hours of shut-eyed, hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and compensate any ill effects.
The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption （新陈代谢紊乱）that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of insufficient sleep, those gains were wiped out when people plunged back into their same sleep-deprived （剥夺） schedule the next Monday.
"If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they're gone when you go back to your routine. It's very short-lived," said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology laboratory at the University of Colorado, who oversaw the work. "It's kind of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn't see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be. ”
Michael Grandner , director of the sleep and health research program said that the study reinforces the concept that people need to stop thinking of sleep as a balance sheet. Imagine a person who ate nothing but cheeseburgers and french-fries Monday through Friday, but dined only on celery and kale on the weekend and tried to call that a healthy diet. Hugely cutting calories all week and then eating a giant pizza on Saturday wouldn't restore balance either.
1.According to the passage what is the possible result of lack of sleep?
A.Weight loss in a long run.
B.Higher risks of diabetes.
C.Being too weak to marathon.
D.Dying a premature death.
2.What does Wright want to show about catch-up sleep by mentioning smoking?
A.The influence is long-term.
B.The benefits are subtle.
C.The consequence is overlooked.
D.The immediate effects are obvious.
3.Those who favor weekend recovery sleep are likely to believe that______.
A.junk food can be balanced by occasional healthy diets
B.cheeseburgers and french-fries are healthy diets
C.celery and kale are healthy if eaten on the weekend
D.Saturday pizzas are very helpful to gain weight
4.The passage is intended to______.
A.deny a previous concept B.introduce a new study
C.promote a healthy lifestyle D.compare two studies
There was no one quite like my father in our town. When any other man had an extra dollar, he bought a drink; when Father had an extra dollar, he bought a book. Other people had pictures on their walls; we had books, 3000 of them, lining every vertical surface of our little four-room house.
Father was the most persistent scholar I ever knew. He earned seven degrees, attended 11 different colleges and universities, and in 1951, when he was 82, sent us a cheerful little note from England to say that he had just enrolled for a graduate course in Elizabethan literature at Oxford.
I was the immediate beneficiary of Father's unbelievable hunger to learn. Every spring, he would take me hiking through the mountains to study mineral formations. On clear winter nights, he would set up a telescope and wake me to view the stars. After I grew up, wherever I traveled around this earth, the stars remained my friends.
Plain, distinct speech was a particular concern of my father and he was constantly drilling me in the art of elocution （演讲技巧）.Before I was three, he was reading aloud to me from the Bible, Shakespeare and Mark Twain. Thereafter, read aloud to him so he could work on my diction. By the time I was in the fifth grade, I could recite from a whole range of classical literature and poetry.
Of course, there had been times as a young man, when I got tired of study and devoted my time to playing. Then Father would admonish me succinctly by quoting a saying from Shakespeare, "If all the year were playing holidays, to sport would be as tedious （乏味的）as to work."
Obviously, his efforts were not entirely in vain, for my voice has enabled me to earn a fair livelihood. But that fact doesn't begin to define the enormous debt I owe my father.
1.What contributed to my father's being a successful scholar?
A.His gift for academic studies.
B.The academic environment in our town.
C.The wealth of his family.
D.His lifelong passion for knowledge.
2.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined words in Paragraph 5?
A.Criticize me briefly. B.Comfort me patiently.
C.Praise me gently. D.Challenge me bravely.
3.Which of the words below can best describe the author's father?
A.Stubborn and lazy. B.Kind and generous.
C.Consistent and strict. D.Understanding and moody.
4.What may be the best title for the passage?
A.A Successful Scholar B.Enormous Debt
C.Secrets of My livelihood D.Father and Son
