Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾脏) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection (诊查)difficult.
Kidney ’s main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood.Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain.
Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential (潜在的) risk factors for the kidney disease.
1.The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ______.
A.it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
B.our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
C.it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D.it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
2.The underlined word “insidious” in Paragraph 3 means ______.
A.smooth and safe B.clear and fast
C.gradual and unnoticed D.long and painful
3.We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ______.
A.the kidney failure begins B.the kidneys can still work properly
C.we have lost about 10% of kidney function D.the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
4.How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?
A.Six. B.Five. C.Four. D.Two.
5.Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?
A.Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B.Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
C.Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D.Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.
On a sunny, spring day, a group of children, four to seven years old, sit on their bicycles. They wear helmets to protect their heads and gloves to protect their hands. Their mothers, standing nearby, watch them closely. The children are ready to learn how to ride. Rachel Varn still remembers how she felt riding a bicycle for the first time. She says, “It is probably the biggest confidence booster (提升). It gives kids such a sense of independence and self-guidance.” Now, her job is helping children experience that moment.
Rachel Varn left her job of selling bicycles to become a trainer for bicycle riding last year. She founded Pedal Power Kids to teach bicycle education. Before starting a ride, she teaches the children how to make sure the bicycles are in good condition for safe use. She calls it “ the ABC quick check.” “A” is for air. she explains, “We have to check out tires before we ride. “B” is for brakes. We want to make sure our brakes work before we find ourselves at the top of a hill about to go down. And “ C ” is for chain.” She says the chain must be clean.
The rest of the training is more fun. The children learn riding skills, from balance and pedaling to turning, starting and stopping. And they learn to keep their eyes up and look ahead while riding. Varn says many children struggle to do this. They look down at the pedals insteađ. She adds, “ Obviously that doesn’t allow them to see what’s going on around them, and it doesn ’t allow them to turn properly either.” Varn says watching where you are going helps you turn easier.
Learning to ride a bicycle can open a whole new world to children. It gives them a sense of accomplishment and freedom. They become more sensitive to their surroundings and better able to make safe, smart decisions going from one place to another. Varn’s goal is to get more children on two wheels. She says, “ That’s really a great way for kids to be active and develop healthy habits. It helps reduce pollution and just keep families and communities connected. ”
1.Racher Varn’s Current job is ______.
A.Looking after preschool children B.selling bicycles on the Internet
C.teaching children how to ride bicycles D.providing consulting service of riding bicycles
2.What does “ the ABC quick check ’’ refer to?
A.Basic skills of driving a vehicle. B.Exams to take after the bicycle course.
C.Some useful tips before riding a bicycle. D.Things to check before buying a bicycle.
3.Looking down at the pedals while riding a bicycle ______.
A.makes the rider forget to brake B.makes turning more challenging
C.helps increase the speed of riding D.helps the rider be aware of the ground condition
4.From the last paragraph, we can learn about ______.
A.what Varn ’s goal is
B.what being a trainer means to Varn
C.what the benefits of learning at an early stage are
D.what learning to ride a bicycle means to children
5.Which can best describe Rachel Varn?
A.She is very strict about teaching.
B.She is enthusiastic about what she is doing.
C.She doesn’t care about her income.
D.She wants to become a successful business woman.
Sydney Airport International Terminal-Arrivals Area
SPECIALTY RETAIL
Newslink: Two separate Newslink stores cater to all your reading needs including newspapers, magazines and the latest bestsellers.
Downtown Duty Free: Make sure you shop at Downtown Duty Free for great savings on a range of items including perfume, alcohol, skincare and cigarettes. It’s your last chance before customs.
Beach Culture: A must for those who go into the Latest in beach clothing. Top surf, street and fashion labels including Mambo, Stussy and Quicksilver, including children’s sizes.
DINING
Blue Sky Care: Speedy service leaves you time to keep an eye on the arrivals gate. Morning pastries, fresh juice, breakfast rolls and coffee while you wait.
McDonald’s: hamburgers, fries, drinks, muffins and shakes—all your family favorites. Breakfast served until 10:30 a. m.
SERVICES
ATM: ATMs are conveniently located throughout Arrival and Departures. Dollars, pounds, francs and RMB are all available.
Vodafone Rentals: This communication center offers the very latest technology for mobile phone rentals, sales and servicing.
1.Where is this passage likely to appear?
A.A morning newspaper.
B.A monthly magazine.
C.A geography book.
D.An official guide.
2.The underlined phrase “cater to” probably means ______.
A.satisfy B.afford
C.support D.help
3.If you want to have some coffee while waiting for your flight, you can go to ______.
A.Vodafone Rentals B.Blue Sky Cafe
C.Downtown Duty Free D.McDonald’s
4.At Beach Culture you can buy ______.
A.newspapers and magazines
B.skincare and cigarettes
C.Mambo and Stussy
D.fresh juice and breakfast rolls
5.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.You can have breakfast at McDonald’s at 11:00 a. m..
B.You’ll save money if you buy alcohol or perfume at Downtown Duty Free.
C.You’ll not find any beach clothing for your seven-year-old boy in Beach Culture.
D.There is only one ATM throughout Arrivals and Departure.
Growing roots
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ______ known. When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t ______ lives, he was planting trees.
The good doctor had some ______ theories on planting trees. He believed in “No pains, no gains”. He never ______ his new trees, which was ______ many people. Once I asked why. He ______ that watering plants spoiled(宠坏)them, and that if you water them, each following tree generation will ______ weaker and weaker. So you have to make things ______ for them. He talked about how watering trees ______ shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in ______ of water. I came to understand that he meant deep roots were to be ______. I planted a couple of trees a few years back and I took good care of them. Two years of ______ has resulted in trees that expect to be waited on hand and foot. Whenever a cold wind blows, they ______ and tremble their branches. Funny things about those trees of Dr. Gibbs’. The lack of water seemed to ______ them in ways comfort and ease never could.
I used to ______ for my sons that their lives will be easy. But ______ I’ve been thinking that it’s time to ______ my prayer. I know my children are going to meet _______, and I’m praying they will be strong. The prayer for comfort is seldom met. What we need to do is to pray for deep roots,______ when the winds blow, they won’t be ______ away.
1.A.even B.ever C.never D.hardly
2.A.valuing B.making C.enjoying D.saving
3.A.exciting B.dull C.interesting D.terrible
4.A.watered B.raised C.loved D.sheltered
5.A.against B.beyond C.within D.from
6.A.wondered B.answered C.doubted D.guessed
7.A.grow B.change C.appear D.show
8.A.harmful B.favorable C.tough D.wonderful
9.A.made for B.head for C.allow for D.care for
10.A.charge B.favor C.honor D.search
11.A.treasured B.challenged C.respected D.liked
12.A.education B.information C.preparation D.devotion
13.A.dance B.shake C.spread D.lift
14.A.harm B.raise C.benefit D.hurt
15.A.pray B.apply C.stand D.call
16.A.perfectly B.formally C.obviously D.lately
17.A.attend B.say C.change D.keep
18.A.hardships B.worries C.bosses D.jobs
19.A.or B.so C.and D.but
20.A.given B.sent C.broken D.swept
(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A.should leave B.must have left
C.might leave D.could have left
Since I have little work experience, I will have to take a series of unpaid internships ______ I could find my ideal job.
A.before B.after C.as D.when
