Most squirrels don’t hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.
To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.
Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.
Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.
This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.
1.What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?
A.They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.
B.They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.
C.They can live for months without water during hibernation.
D.Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.
2.The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.
A.high blood concentration B.low blood concentration
C.low body temperature D.high heart rate
3.Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.
A.Drinking much water before hibernation
B.Not eating anything during hibernation
C.Drinking less water than they normally do
D.Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?
A.Objective B.Positive
C.Disappointing D.Uncaring
Online live streaming(直播) is big business nowadays, making huge profits and attracting hundreds of millions of viewers. In addition to adults, this rapidly expanding industry is now drawing underage live streamers, who are not of legal age. According to a report by the Sina Weibo Data Center, live streamers aged 11—16 accounted for 12 percent of all streamers in China. The figure has been rising still, while streamers are getting younger.
It has been found that a large number of underage streamers are drinking, smoking or even exposing to attract viewers. In the best case, live streaming will affect children’s schoolwork and waste their precious youth. In the worst case, they will develop bad values and an improper outlook, which will damage their future.
“Webcasts (web broadcast) are suspected of having a hotbed of improper program. Particularly, the involvement of underage streamers in this industry is making the situation more complex” said Mao Jianguo from Southern Metropolis Daily.
Some legal experts recently issued a report on protection of the children in the cyberspace(网络空间), suggesting that those under 14 should be restricted from independently live streaming and posting videos online.
However, it is unwise and impossible to totally reject all underage streamers but it's necessary and even urgent to standardize the underage webcast sector.
Fortunately, some webcast companies have said that they will not allow streamers under the age of 18 and online live streamers must register by using their ID. However, the reality is that many underage streamers choose to avoid that by using the IDs of adults, who also go through the face scanning required for conditions. All this means that to block underage streamers from webcasting, it’s not enough to depend on their self-discipline.
Parents should tell their children about the disadvantages of getting involved in live streaming so that children develop an objective attitude toward live streaming. Adults should not lend their IDs to children to register for live streaming. And the watchdogs must patrol(巡逻) webcast platforms more actively and remove all unauthorized videos of underage streamers.
1.What are the first and second paragraphs mainly about?
A.A new industry of live streaming came into being.
B.Online live streaming has been a social concern.
C.Teenagers are curious about live streaming recently.
D.Online live streaming is increasingly popular and bringing bad effects.
2.According to Mao Jianguo’s words, we can indicate__________.
A.children’s live streaming is the root of all the social problems
B.webcasts contribute to the unhealthy trend in underage live streaming
C.webcasts are less likely to cause more social problems
D.webcasts are the main causes of many youth problems
3.What do we know about standardized measures mentioned in the text?
A.Children shall never use a webcast without the IDs.
B.Self-discipline is an effective way to stop underage streaming.
C.Parents should guide the children to use webcasts properly.
D.Watchdogs’ duty is to stop children from live streaming.
4.What is the best title of the text?
A.A Full Ban against Children’s Live Streaming
B.The Attraction to Children by a Rapidly Expanding Industry
C.Different Opinions about Underage Live Streaming.
D.An Appeal for Keeping Watch on Underage Live Streaming
I’m going to be completely honest. I have no idea how I ended up with this opportunity, I have no idea what I’m doing, but I am very happy to be here.
Last summer a friend tagged me in a Facebook post from BBC Earth and encouraged me to apply to the BBC Presenter Search 2018. The assignment was easy and hard, make a video shorter than 60 seconds where you talk about something in science you think is cool. Simple concept, but for me it was challenging as I want to talk about bryophytes(苔藓植物) forever (which is slightly longer than 60 seconds).
So I decided to make an attempt. I was going to make a 60 second video about sphagnum(水苔), commonly known as peat moss and uncommonly known as an unsung climate hero. Sphagnum is the plant genus that holds the most carbon in the world, it slowly builds up its carbon storage over hundreds of thousands of years and if undisturbed, they never let go of the carbon they gathered.
Making a short video on this was hard because I wanted to include everything. And it became even harder as I had no one to hold the camera. I tied my camera to the scrawniest little tree, swinging in the wind as a bird tried to chase me away from the mud. This chaos ended up as the video “Why sphagnum is awesome” on my channel. I submitted the video, but didn’t dare to write in the description section of the video that it was a submission, because I never imagined that I could win!
But I did.
I waited two months before I could tell people that I had won the search, and when the news came out, I received the most attention I’ve had in my entire life.
No matter your background, whether you want to pass the time or pass an exam, I really hope you enjoy the video!
1.What can we infer about the author from paragraph 1?
A.She is uncertain about the result. B.She gets used to telling people lies.
C.She is unable to achieve the goal. D.She knows much about the ending.
2.Which of the following is NOT true about sphagnum?
A.It can form its carbon storage in a very slow way.
B.It is universally recognized as an unknown climate hero.
C.It won’t release the carbon without being disturbed.
D.It contains a large amount of carbon.
3.The underlined word “scrawniest” in Paragraph 4 probably means ___________.
A.weakest B.strongest
C.shortest D.most energetic
4.What can we learn from the author’s story?
A.She shows great interest in filming the video.
B.Her knowledge helps overcome all the difficulties.
C.Her attitude and hard work pay off eventually.
D.She is more than delighted to gain the most attention.
University of Cambridge has several funds to support university athletes. Full information can be found below:
TASS-The Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme
Launched in April 2004, TASS is designed to help promising young athletes who want to balance their sporting ambitions with a University or college education.
If you would like to be considered for the TASS Scheme, please contact your National Governing Body to see if you are eligible. You can find out more about TASS here.
UCAPP-University of Cambridge Athlete Performances Programme
UCAPP was set up in 1985 thanks to the kind generosity of Mark Hanson, who was a Modern Pentathlete during his time at Cambridge.
This programme aims to provide core services that any high-performance athletes would benefit from including Lifestyle Management, Physiotherapy, Strength and Conditioning, Nutrition Advice, Sports Psychology Support and Gym Membership.
To find out more information, please click here.
The Eric Evans Fund
The Eric Evans Fund was set up in 1996. The Fund is intended to support students who wish to improve their personal sporting performance beyond University level, or to enable them to undertake qualifications in connection with officiating, coaching or the administration of sport.
The fund is managed by the Director of Sport and two other persons appointed by the Sports Committee. If you still have any further question, please send an e-mail to the Managers.
The Hawks Charitable Trust
The Trust was established in January 1996 with a relatively small capital donated by some of the members to provide financial help to current Cambridge University students, male and female, whose sporting activities were being held back by financial problems.
For more information on this Trust, including the qualifications required for application, please see the Hawks Website.
1.What is special about UCAPP?
A.It favors the promising young athletes.
B.It requires no qualifications.
C.It is intended for high-performance athletes.
D.It helps to improve students’ personal sporting performance.
2.How can you get more information about the Eric Evans Fund?
A.By visiting the website.
B.By sending an e-mail.
C.By going to the director’s office.
D.By giving a telephone call to the message.
3.Which programme will you favor if your club needs money for a sport game?
A.TASS B.UCAPP
C.The Eric Evans Fund D.The Hawks Charitable Trust
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
For many parents,making sure their children get the right amount of sleep can be stressful.This is especially true during high-pressure times such as exams when students tend to study all night for the next day.Unfortunately,it is often counterproductive(适得其反的)because with fewer hours to sleep,the teen brain doesn't get enough time to lay down what they've studied the night before.
In her groundbreaking book The Teenage Brain,neuroscientist Dr.Frances Jensen explains that bedtime isn't simply a way for the body to relax and recover after working,studying or playing a hard day. It is the glue that allows us not only to recollect our experiences but also to remember everything we've learned that day.Basically the more we learn,the more we need to sleep,which is why a good sleep is of great importance in achieving success at school.
Then how much sleep do teenagers need?There is no magic number for exactly how much sleep teenagers need,but the Austrian Centre for Education in Sleep(ACES)suggests 8 to 10 hours per day for high school adolescents.What happens if they don't get enough sleep?According to ACES,poor sleep will have all sorts of negative effects on teenagers,including rise in blood pressure,mood swings and impatient behaviours.Without adequate sleep the focus and attention drifts making it harder to receive information. The brain can no longer function to deal with information properly and access previously learned information.
So,how can parents help?If you think your child needs more sleep,try making gradual changes to their sleeping habits.Small increases have been shown to be effective in changing sleep patterns.And remember your children are going through a period of their lives when their brains and bodies are going through a lot of changes.Not only is your job to help make changes,it's also to ride the wave with them.It may not be easy,but they will thank you for it eventually.
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假定你是李华,欲将参观某展览会的票赠予友人 Jackson。 请给他发一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 展会信息;
2. 转赠原因;
3. 期待回复。注意:
1. 词数 80 左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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