By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial
C. Significant D. Unnoticeable
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B.The increasing variety of California big trees.
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A.Ecological studies of forests.
B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Limiting housing development.
D.Fire control measures.
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A.Inadequate snowmelt. B.A longer dry season.
C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
假如你是《当代中学生》的主编Li Hua，你收到了一封读者来信，请根据信件内容，给Confused daughter写封建议信。
Dear Sir,
I have a mum who is just like a camera in the home. She wants to know everything about me and decides everything for me. I know that is her special love to me, yet I still hope she can respect and trust me. Could you please give me some advice?
Best regards,
Confused daughter
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 信的开头已为你写出，不计入总词数。
参考词句:
私人空间: private space
代 沟:generation gap
Dear Confused daughter,
I’m deeply concerned about your situation.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
根据必修一、必修二背诵段落，准确补全以下句子。
1.I can well remember that _____ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that _____ properly.
3.“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage _____.”
4.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event _____.
5.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal is _____ a life of high quality.
根据首字母或所给汉语意思，写出空缺单词的正确形式(每空只写一词；请使用必修一、二单词表词汇)。
1.The anti-smoking movement has only partly _______(成功).
2.Anytime we give a speech, we should speak loud and _______(自信).
3.It’s _______(恐惧) to think how easily children can be hurt.
4.We are discussing a theme _______(探索) by Mrs. Gaskell in her later novels.
5.I notice that the _______(广告) misses out the price of the product.
6.We finished the project three weeks ahead of s_______.
7.He may look young, but he is a________45 years old.
8.My boss is r________ from a heart attack.
9.Jenifer cut the cake into six e________ parts, so everyone can have the same piece.
10.The Titanic s________after hitting an iceberg.
It’s not easy for me to forget the guy, whom I call Bean. For the past year and a half, I _____Bean almost every workday morning. In the beginning I ______ Bean. After all, he’s just a beggar on the freeway off-ramp (匝道) who ______ people at a stoplight that seems to always be red.
Over time a few things dawned on me. The first was that it was always the ______ guy at this off-ramp. The next was that he never actually ______ anything. He just danced and waved at everyone. Then ______, and perhaps the most important, was that he was ALWAYS ______. Some days he was dancing and playing a guitar. Most days he’d wave a cardboard at cars, smiling.
Bean slowly became part of my ______ routine(常规). I noticed this one day, only because he wasn’t there and ______ danced and waved at me. I ______ him. I worried something had happened to him. I ______ to look for him every morning as I came down the ramp to that red light.
One morning, after one of these ______, I was so relieved to see him that it was like the sun had come out after a week-long storm. I sat at the red light, watching his morning ______. I realized that I, too, was smiling and ______ myself waving back. Wow, something as ______ as a wave brought ______ to my whole day. I finished the drive to work that morning, feeling lighter and happier.
I ______ you now. Look around you. Look at your life, your surroundings, and ______ just your grocery store with eyes that truly see. What ______ lies in front of you. Do you have a Bean in your life you haven’t noticed yet? Watch for them. They will ______ your life in ways you can’t even dream.
1.A.joined B.knew C.contacted D.saw
2.A.inspected B.ignored C.avoided D.supported
3.A.stops B.bites C.traps D.greets
4.A.same B.poor C.mean D.special
5.A.gave away B.held up C.picked up D.asked for
6.A.really B.presently C.finally D.frequently
7.A.happy B.helpful C.careful D.painful
8.A.walking B.morning C.working D.testing
9.A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody
10.A.missed B.affected C.searched D.dreamed
11.A.continued B.thought C.started D.stopped
12.A.preparations B.absences C.signals D.failures
13.A.moving B.working C.exercising D.dancing
14.A.kept B.suggested C.found D.imagined
15.A.small B.strange C.obvious D.common
16.A.victories B.successes C.devotions D.blessings
17.A.remind B.challenge C.broadcast D.accept
18.A.even B.still C.ever D.nearly
19.A.motto B.secret C.magic D.beauty
20.A.change B.enrich C.protect D.touch
