We smile because we are happy, and we frown because we are sad. Recent studies suggest that our emotions are driven by their related facial expressions.
This February psychologists at the University of Cardiff in W ales found that people whose ability to frown is lessened by botox injections (肉毒杆菌注射) are happier, on average, than people who can frown. The researchers administered an anxiety and depression questionnaire to 25 females, half of whom had received botox injections to stop frowning. The botox injected people reported feeling happier and less anxious in general.
In a related study from March, scientists at the Technical University of Munich in Germany scanned botox injected people with FMRI machines while asking them to copy angry faces. They found that the botox subjects had much lower activity in the brain circuits (回路) involved in emotional processing and responses - in the amygdala, hypothalamus and other parts of the brain - as compared with controls who had not received treatment.
The concept works the opposite way, too. People who frown during an unpleasant procedure report feeling more pain than those who do not, according to a study published in May 2008 in the Journal of Pain. Researchers applied heat to the forearms of 29 participants, who were asked to either make unhappy, neutral or relaxed faces during the procedure. Those who exhibited negative expressions reported being in more pain than the other two groups.
No one yet knows why our facial expressions influence our emotions as they seem to. The associations in our mind between how we feel and how we react may be so strong that our expressions simply end up strengthen our emotions - there may be no evolutionary reason for the connection. Even so, our faces do seem to communicate our states of mind not only to others but also to ourselves. “I smile, so I must be happy,” Grob says.
1.What can we know about the result of the study from paragraph 2?
A.The ability to frown should be stopped by injection.
B.Less frowns make people happier.
C.Women love to frown and feel sad.
D.Half women have no ability to feel happy.
2.What did scientists do in the related studies?
A.They asked the participants to frown or smile.
B.They copied the expressions of the participants.
C.They asked the participants to stay negative.
D.They exposed the participants to heat.
3.What does the passage talk about?
A.Facial expressions influence our emotions. B.Facial expressions are driven by emotions.
C.Why people feel happy and frown. D.Botox injection is useful and meaningful.
假定你是李华，三周前你从亚马逊（Amazon）网站上订购的一套哈利波特系列（Harry Potter Series）昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向亚马逊负责人写邮件投诉。内容包括：
1. 介绍购物情况;
2. 反映存在问题。
3. 提出解决方案。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（˄）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last year, our school offered optional courses for the students in Senior 2. At the beginning of a term, our teacher introduced several courses to us, included Music Appreciation, Advanced Math, Western Art, and etc. We selected the courses we were liked, filled in the forms, and handing them in. Several days late, the optional courses started. We went into different classroom to begin our study delightful. During the lessons, some of them enjoyed beautiful music, while others learned amazing knowledge in math. Everyone gained which they couldn’t get in the regular lessons. Thanks to the optional courses, we had the opportunities to learn what we were really interested.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In late April 2017, a violent storm swept through the southern United States, 1.(destroy) more than $ 1 billion in property and killing 35 people. But it was 2.wonder that a group of birds sensed the oncoming disaster and left long before the first clouds arrived. A year earlier, a science team had tagged golden-winged warblers (莺) with leg trackers 3.( study) their annual migrations to South America. Two days before the storms 4.(strike), five golden-winged warblers flied away, traveling south to the Florida coast.
It's the first time that the birds which normally migrate with the seasons 5.(observe) to fly away when a big storm hits. The researchers suspect this behavior occurs only when the threat of 6.(injure) outweighs the energy costs of a long trip. But nobody knows 7.the birds guessed the storm's harm and left so soon. 8.( puzzle) by it, the scientists initially reasoned that changes in weather—atmospheric pressure, temperature or wind speed—signaled the upcoming disaster. Yet when they checked weather records, none of these factors waved 9.(significant) before the storm. Instead, the team thinks that the approaching storms created a disorder of infra sounds, low-frequency sound waves, that birds can hear, 10.humans can't.
When our second child was born, the doctor pointed out that her feet were turned inward (内向). “Left uncorrected, it would be a _______,”he told us.
We _______ to do anything we could do to help our baby. _______ she was growing I had to take her back to the doctor every two weeks to have each foot recast(重塑). _______ the casting was finished and it was time for corrective _______. Jim and I watched with hope and concern as she _______ to walk. Those first, awkward steps made us so _______. By the time she entered preschool, her steps appeared quite _______. Encouraged by her progress, we looked for something else to help strengthen her _______ body.
As it turned out, she loved the ________! When she turned six, we helped her join in skating lessons and soon she was skating ________ a swan. She kept working hard at every new ________, and her efforts ________. At fifteen, she competed in both pairs-skating and the ladies' singles at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Australia, winning both ________!
I thought back to the early years of ________ for Kristi—the years of fear for us as her parents, and the same years of frustration for her as a child who ________ wanted to walk. During those years, we didn't expect gold medals and a good professional career ________ her. We admired Kristi, ________her strength and efforts, and how far she had come on two tiny feet that had ________ been bound in heavy casts. In our eyes, Kristi had always walked with the ________ of a true champion.
1.A.problem B.mistake C.wound D.scar
2.A.aimed B.promised C.stopped D.refused
3.A.So B.If C.Because D.But
4.A.Suddenly B.Immediately C.Especially D.Eventually
5.A.shoes B.books C.bags D.hats
6.A.failed B.struggled C.wanted D.attempted
7.A.lucky B.upset C.proud D.helpless
8.A.hard B.special C.common D.normal
9.A.weak B.brave C.firm D.small
10.A.water B.ice C.fire D.air
11.A.for B.with C.like D.on
12.A.project B.side C.text D.movement
13.A.got off B.paid off C.put off D.showed off
14.A.events B.programs C.courses D.occasions
15.A.task B.reward C.challenge D.hope
16.A.seldom B.almost C.easily D.merely
17.A.in need of B.in spite of C.ahead of D.instead of
18.A.doubting B.respecting C.limiting D.controlling
19.A.once B.still C.never D.seldom
20.A.look B.shadow C.smile D.beauty
Learn to Cite Sources (引用资料)
During your university education, you’ll be exposed to ideas and scientific theories of scholars and scientists. Unavoidably, your own ideas will be shaped by the ideas you come across. 1. That means you should go beyond what you learn in your textbooks or in the library. Your original work is the basis for your professor’s evaluation of your performance. Thus, academic honesty is fundamental in your university education. It demands that you cite the source materials you base your own work on. 2.
Correctly citing your sources helps you distinguish your own ideas from those of other scholars. On the readers’ side, it permits a reader to determine the depth of your research. 3. On the contrary, lack of citing will only raise your reader’s doubt.
So you need to learn when to cite and how to provide an adequate or accurate reference list. If you fail to cite your sources, whether deliberately or carelessly, you will be found responsible for plagiarism (抄袭) . 4. If you are not sure, ask your professor for guidance before submitting the paper or report. Keep in mind this general rule: when in doubt, cite!
5. For example, students from East Asia may think that copying directly from sources is the proper way to do research. Students in France, preparing for the final examination, may be encouraged to memorize whole passages and copy them into papers. Those cultural differences can lead to false assumptions about academic expectations in the country you study in.
A. Some university students may cheat in different ways.
B. These include other scholars’ ideas, figures, graphs and so on.
C. The academic challenge you face is to make something original.
D. Often, students want to use others’ opinions to support their own essays.
E. It also allows a reader to appreciate your original contribution to the research.
F. For international students, it is important to know local academic expectations.
G. Not knowing academic regulations is an unacceptable excuse for such behavior.
