Smiling really can make people feel happier, according to a new study. American psychologists (心理学家) looked at nearly 50 years of data testing whether facial expressions can lead people to feel the emotions related to those expressions. They found smiling made people feel happier; frowning (皱眉) made them feel angrier or sadder.
However, the effects are not so strong, and the researchers warn this should hardly be held up as a way to offset weak mental health conditions like depression. Lead researcher Nicholas Coles said: “Ordinary wisdom tells us that we can feel a little happier if we simply smile. Or that we can get ourselves in a more serious mood if we frown. But psychologists have actually disagreed about this idea for over 100 years.”
The research team says the disagreements became more pronounced in 2016, when 17 teams of researchers failed to copy a well-known experiment showing that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier. Coles said: “Some studies have not found evidence that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings. But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s, so we wanted to look at all the evidence.”
Using a data technique called meta-analysis (荟萃分析), the team collected data from 138 studies testing more than 11, 000 people from all around the world. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that facial expressions have a small influence on feelings.
Coles added: “We don’t think that people can smile their way to happiness. But these findings are exciting because they provide evidence about how the mind and the body affect each other to shape our experience of emotion. We still have a lot to learn about these effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.”
1.What did the latest study find?
A.Facial expressions could show how happy people are.
B.Acting happy and feeling happy have weak connection.
C.Researchers share the same idea in the influence of smiling.
D.Smiling is the best way to fight with mental health conditions.
2.The underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________.
A.recognize
B.test
C.suffer from
D.make up for
3.What might be the best title for the text?
A.Smiling Really Can Make People Feel Happier
B.Meta-analysis Provides Strong Evidence for Scientists
C.Negative Feelings Will Get You in a Worse Mood
D.Secrets of Emotions Have Been Finally Unlocked
One of the most exciting parts of senior year is deciding where your class will go on your senior trip. It’s a time when you get to relax and celebrate getting through the past thirteen years with your class. Many schools use money their class has saved over the years and organization of the trip is done with the student union and teachers. If your school doesn’t organize class trips, you can gather your closest friends and take a trip.
Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California is the center of the entertainment industry. In Los Angeles enjoy Universal Studios amusement park and Hollywood Walk of Fame for entertainment.
Orlando, Florida
Orlando, Florida is a great location to go for your senior trip. It is the home of Walt Disney World, where thrill seekers can enjoy the roller-coasters and other rides. Others may want to enjoy the environment and Disney atmosphere, which is enjoyable for adults and children alike.
Salt Lake City
For a colder trip, spend the days skiing and take the evening to curl up (蜷作一团) in front of a fire and socialize in the mountains of Utah. Try different restaurants in the area or visit local attractions for a change of pace. Most ski popular holiday centers close for the season in mid-April so if this is a choice, plan for the trip in March or earlier.
New York City
New York City, the Big Apple, is a great location for students that attend countryside schools. Students that live in farm country without the noise of a large city will enjoy the action that is happening continuously, no matter what time of day or night. Students can visit well-known areas such as the Statue of Liberty and Central Park, along with visiting some museums. There are multiple hotels and restaurants to suit any tastes.
1.What’s the purpose of the author in writing the text?
A.To recommend good trips for seniors in high school.
B.To introduce some famous American cities to readers.
C.To remind students to prepare graduation celebration.
D.To encourage schools to organize short holiday trips.
2.Los Angeles and Orlando have a lot in common with ________.
A.fine food
B.thrilling scenery
C.history museums
D.entertainment industry
3.You can go to ________ if you prefer winter snow.
A.Los Angeles
B.Orlando, Florida
C.Salt Lake City
D.New York City
4.New York City is best-known as ________.
A.home to Apple company
B.the land of fruit
C.the center of amusement parks
D.a sleepless city
Robert Downey Jr. is famous for being a beloved Hollywood actor, but now he is adding “robotics environmentalist” to his list of good qualities. Earlier this week, the Iron Man actor took to the stage at the Amazon Re: Mars conference in Las Vegas to announce the creation of his new foundation which will use nanotechnology (纳米技术) and robotics as a means of cleaning up the planet.
Downey Jr. did not show many details on how the organization will begin its clean-up job, but a website went live shortly after the actor’s announcement. As of right now, the website only includes a sign-up sheet for future newsletters and latest news, but Downey Jr. says that he will be spending the next 11 months working together with UN experts and building up the organization so the group can get to work by April 2020.
After that, Downey Jr. says that “between robotics and nanotechnology we could probably clean up the planet noticeably, if not entirely, within a decade.” Downey Jr. also explained how his failure to look after the environment in the past is now inspiring him to take action, “I have this quiet sense of crisis (危机),” he said, according to reporters. “I’m a person who spends a lot of energy on things like plane trips, but I want to change.” Regardless of the actor's plan, Downey Jr’s net worth is about $81 million-more than enough to start tidying up the planet.
The Re: Mars conference, which stands for “Machine learning, Automation, Robotics and Space”, hosted a lot of speakers who gave lectures on the benefits of artificial intelligence. In addition to announcing the start of his organization, Downey Jr. also talked about how he and his wife Susan will be the managing producers of a new documentary series on the wonders of AI.
1.Downey Jr. set up the organization in order to ________.
A.release his newly-made film Iron Man officially
B.devote his spare time to environmental protection
C.inspire his crazy fans not to damage the environment
D.Braise enough money to make films with high technology
2.What can be inferred from the text?
A.Downey Jr. founded his organization while making his film.
B.Downey Jr. joined in cleaning up the planet ten years age.
C.Downey Jr. regretted not leading a greener life in the past.
D.Downey Jr. hosted a live conference on AI on the Internet.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Downey Jr. in the text?
A.Environmentally friendly.
B.Generous.
C.Warm-hearted.
D.Popular.
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom对中国节日感兴趣。他得知我国越来越注重自己的传统节日，如清明节和端午节，并且政府规定这些节日各放假一天。但Tom担心这会给封建迷信的传播提供机会。请就此给Tom写一封回信，论述自己的观点。信的开头和结尾已给出。
参考词语：清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival
迷信 superstition
Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese festivals in your last letter.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
This summer I took part in a really interesting project. It’s called One-Day Clean-up, which aim is to clear rubbish. I heard about it from my neighbor who used to taking part several years before. I thought it would be a fun. Most of the people there are teenagers. We picked up all the rubbish that we could find by the seaside. It made me realize what important it was to increase people’s awareness on protecting the environment. I’m determined now to get my family recycle as many as possible. It will be worth it if we can make our seas safe for all sea animal.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world 1. (celebrate) Earth Day every year on April 22. It is a day 2. (think) seriously about how our lifestyles and daily habits influence the earth.
In English there are many expressions with the word “earth”. So, let’s start 3. the simple and common expression “on earth”. We use “on earth” to express strong 4. (feel) like surprise and anger. Here are some 5. (practice) examples. “Why on earth didn’t you come to the party? It was great.” And “I did not know 6. on earth she was talking about.”
The word “earth” sometimes comes up when a person wants to make big promises to someone they care about. When you say you will “go to the ends of the earth for someone”, it means you will do as much as possible to help 7. (they). For example, when the wife became sick, the husband went to the ends of the earth to find 8. best doctor for her.
Down-to-earth people are the people whom you can depend on. Flighty people are the opposite. They change their minds 9. (easy).
The expression “the salt of the earth” comes from the Bible. It describes a very good person. For example, my neighbors never stop 10. (help) people in need. I can call them the-salt-of-the-earth type people.
