阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案 填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Cambridge Dictionary has declared "upcycling" as 1. Word of the Year 2019. The word refers to the act of making new items out of old or 2.(use) things or waste materials.
3. number of times "upcycling" has been looked up on the Cambridge Dictionary website 4.(rise) by 181% since December of 2011, 5. it was first added to the online dictionary. In the past year alone 6.(search) for the word have doubled.
Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager of Cambridge Dictionary, believes that the word's recent popularity is being caused by people's growing 7.(aware)of climate change and other environmental issues. “8.(stop) the gradual process of climate change, let alone changing it around 9. (absolute), can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is a concrete action a single human being can take 10. (make) a difference," he said.
Many other words on the shortlist for Word of the Year 2019 reflect the same concern with the effects of climate change, including "carbon sink" and "compostable".
Ethan Katz enjoys playing with his dogs, McFly and Brooklyn, and often helps his grandma feed and _____ her five dogs. For his ninth birthday, Ethan _____ the idea to sell T-shirts for his favorite ______, City Dogs Rescue in Washington, D.C.
The dogs of Ethan's and his grandma's were _____ from animal shelters. Most shelters have _____ on the number of animals they can care for. City Dogs Rescue _____ dogs from over- crowded shelters. Volunteers, called fosters, care for the animals _____ they're adopted.
Ethan went on a website for T-shirt designing and fund-raising. He typed a（ n） __ about his project, designed a T-shirt, and _____ each shirt at $20. Every time someone bought one, part of that _____ went to City Dogs Rescue.
As word spread, many people bought shirts. "My _____ goal was to sell 75 shirts, and I went _____ that in three days," said Ethan. By the end of his 30-day fund-raising _____ , he had sold 179 shirts and raised $2,640. That money helped City Dogs Rescue save 10 dogs from overcrowded shelters.
But Ethan wasn't finished. People continued to __ City Dogs Rescue about buying shirts. So Ethan decided to __ the fund-raising event for another month. Through T-shirt sales and other ______, he finally raised more than $ 14,500 in all. Dogs in D.C. are ______ to have him as their friend!
Kids often feel as if they had no say in things, and Ethan _ __ them that they could have a real ______. His love for his own dogs ______ Ethan Katz to help others.
1.A.observe B.sell C.walk D.save
2.A.shared B.changed C.went on with D.came up with
3.A.dog B.charity C.shelter D.event
4.A.adopted B.abandoned C.protected D.kept
5.A.decrease B.attention C.changes D.limits
6.A.refuses B.replaces C.removes D.returns
7.A.until B.after C.because D.although
8.A.email B.phrase C.picture D.paragraph
9.A.paid B.priced C.bought D.donated
10.A.time B.cost C.love D.money
11.A.special B.original C.unique D.final
12.A.for B.into C.above D.after
13.A.show B.drive C.meeting D.organization
14.A.contact B.visit C.promise D.advise
15.A.cover B.start C.direct D.run
16.A.donations B.rescues C.decisions D.discussions
17.A.friendly B.popular C.lucky D.lovely
18.A.guaranteed B.expected C.showed D.judged
19.A.effect B.result C.purpose D.identity
20.A.approved B.inspired C.followed D.adapted
Being scared is not always a treat. When a balloon pops, we may jump. 1. How does the body triggered（激发）these reactions? When we encounter something we're not familiar with, our brain and body start making changes to help prepare us for the unknown. These changes are part of the body's " threat," "stress," or "fight — or — flight" response. This response is triggered by the five senses, which are always sending information to the brain. 2., the brain sounds a danger alarm. It releases chemicals into the bloodstream, and those chemicals act on different parts of the body. Once the body is alert（警觉的），the brain decides whether or not the danger is real.
3. It urges a person to hide, run away, or defend oneself. Faster heartbeat and breathing send more blood and oxygen to the muscles so they're ready when they're needed. Stress chemicals can make a person more alert. Our memories also help protect us. We keep a close eye on babies because they don't understand what might hurt them. As babies grow, they learn what's unsafe, and their brains store those memories 4.
Experiences can lead to long-lasting fears that may stop a person from trying new things. We're born with the ability to feel fear, but a lot of what we're afraid of is learned. A long-lasting fear can mean you’re had a bad experience, and your brain doesn't want you to have it again. Many people have beaten their own fears. Here's one method. 5., they learn the facts about anything that seems scary. Knowledge can help a person feel less afraid.
A. Instead of listening to their imagination
B. When they signal something unexpected
C. Our heart beats harder, and we breathe faster
D. Then their brains use fear to warn them of dangers
E. It's good to have a healthy sense of what's dangerous
F. Fear is a tool that the brain uses to keep the body safe
G. Memories are an important factor in fear-lasting experiences
They still bite, but new research shows lab-grown mosquitoes are fighting dengue fever — a dangerous disease that they normally would spread. Dengue infections appear to be dropping fast in communities in Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil and Australia that are filled with the specially grown mosquitoes.
Researchers first injected （注射）mosquito eggs with Wolbachia bacteria that's common in insects and harmless to people in a lab. Infected females then pass the bacteria on through their eggs. Releasing enough Wolbachia carriers, both the females that bite and the males that don't, allows mating（交配）to spread the bacteria through a local mosquito population.
Rather than using chemicals to wipe out pests, “this is really about transforming the mosquito," said Cameron Simmons of the nonprofit World Mosquito Program, which is conducting the research.
The first success came from Australia. Mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia were released in parts of North Queensland starting in 2011, and gradually spread through the local mosquito population. Dengue is spread when a mosquito bites someone who is infected, and then bites another person, but somehow Wolbachia blocks that — and local spread has nearly disappeared in those North Queensland Communities, Simmons said.
The studies are continuing in other countries. But the findings, presented at a meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, suggest it's possible to turn at least some mosquitoes from a public health threat into annoying biters.
The work marks “exciting progress," said Michigan State University professor Zhiyong Xi, who wasn't involved with the project but has long studied how Wolbachia can turn mosquitoes against themselves.
More research is needed, specialists cautioned. "The results are pretty exciting — strong levels of reductions — but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great," said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.
1.What can we learn about the lab-grown mosquitoes?
A.They lose the ability to bite people.
B.They become harmful to human beings.
C.They carry dangerous Wolbachia bacteria.
D.They spread Wolbachia bacteria by mating.
2.What does the underlined word "that" refer to in Paragraph 4?
A.The bite from a mosquito. B.The local community.
C.The spread of Dengue. D.The infected person.
3.What do the last two paragraphs suggest?
A.This research proves a complete success.
B.Scientists agree on this research.
C.There is still room for improvement.
D.Mosquitoes turn themselves against harmful ones.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Bacteria- infected Mosquitoes Bite Deadly Dengue.
B.Transform Mosquitoes into Annoying Biters
C.Fight against Mosquitoes with Wolbachia
D.Harmless Mosquitoes Are on Their Way
As you move out of your teens and into your 20s and 30s, your musical tastes start to solidify and you likely quit keeping up with popular music. Now, research has found the average age at which your music library is unlikely to change: 33.
The study's author reached this conclusion by analyzing data on U. S. Spotify users and comparing it to artist popularity data from music intelligence company The Echo Nest.
To determine the age at which we stop seeking out new tunes, the author gathered self-reported age data from Spotify and looked at users' " Taste Profiles," which tracks how many times listeners have streamed individual artists. These artists were then matched to their popularity rank on The Echo Nest.
The average teen listens almost only to music among the Billboard, the 200 highest-ranking albums in the country, but this music represents a smaller part of their streaming as they age. In their teens, they listen to a lot of the same music, over and over again. Frank T. McAndrew, a professor of psychology at Knox College, explains that's the "mere exposure effect" at work, and it basically means, the more we're exposed to something, the more we like it.
There are many reasons why a person may stop streaming the current top musical hits, and the author looked into one by identifying Spotify listeners with large amounts of children's music and nursery rhymes in their libraries. In other words, when users may have become parents.
But the study concludes with some good news for parents: “If you're getting older and can't find yourself staying as relevant as you used to, have no fear — just wait for your kids to become teenagers, and you'll get exposed to all the popular music of the day once again!”
1.What happens after teens grow older?
A.They quit listening to music. B.Their interest in music fades.
C.They change their music libraries. D.Their musical tastes become stable.
2.What is the way of the research?
A.Interviews. B.Analyzing data.
C.Observation. D.Tracking popularity.
3.How do teens develop their musical tastes?
A.They listen to what they like repeatedly.
B.They act like their favorite popular stars.
C.They experience different styles of music.
D.They like high-ranking music worldwide.
4.What's the good news for parents in the last paragraph?
A.Parents will regain their faith in music.
B.Parents will influence their teens in music.
C.Parents will hear their favorite music again.
D.Parents will enjoy the music for teens again.
Fire Capt. Kevin Lloyd arrived at the scene of a car accident in West Point, Utah, north of Salt Lake City. A pregnant woman and her screaming 2-year-old daughter were trapped in the car.
While his partner, Allen Hadley, was tending to the driver, Lloyd couldn't get the frightened girl to calm down. He saw she was holding several bottles of nail polish, and then he had a better idea. He asked her if she wanted to paint his nails. Soon she entirely lit up. At the same time, Hadley showed up to check on the scene.
Lloyd had calmed her down and was in the process of getting his fingers painted. Then Hadley just put his hand in there. The girl began to color his nails pink. By this time, she was not only calm, but she was also happy.
The girl's mother was not injured. She thanked them for helping her daughter feel better, and they all chuckled, looking at the firefighters' nails, and took some photos.
The firefighters brought the photos back to headquarters and showed them around. The department put them up on Facebook, and thousands of people responded, with many thanking the firefighters for going out of their way to calm down a frightened girl.
Fire Chief Mark Becraft said he had been surprised at all the attention. He said he was proud of his firefighters, and added that he had known members of the department who had done many things that weren't part of the job.
After the fact, Lloyd and Hadley had a small matter to tend to： the layers of polish on their nails. They bought a bottle of nail polish remover, and used almost all of it.
1.Why was the 2-year-old girl frightened?
A.She was caught in an accident. B.Her mother was badly injured.
C.Her nails were hurt by the bottles. D.She was afraid of seeing firefighters.
2.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "chuckled” in Paragraph 4?
A.Sighed. B.Shouted. C.Laughed. D.Hugged.
3.Which of the following can best describe the two firefighters?
A.Knowledgeable. B.Comforting. C.Humorous. D.Courageous.
4.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To ask us to learn to calm down in time of danger.
B.To speak highly of the warm-hearted firefighters.
C.To introduce the little girl who likes polishing nails.
D.To praise the two firefighters who learn to decorate nails.
