Automatic dishwashers have been around for more than 100 years. It started in 1886 with Josephine Cochrane, a woman in Shelbyville, Illinois. She was a rich woman who could afford servants to wash her dishes, so she really didn’t mind the work. What she did mind was that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes.
Finally, Cochrane took action. First, she measured her dishes and bent wire into racks to hold them. Next, she put the racks on a wheel in a large copper boiler. Then, the boiler sprayed hot, soapy water on the dishes as a motor turned the wheel. After a hot water rinse(冲洗), the dishes were clean!
Josephine Cochrane’s friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. After that, word got out fast. Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didn’t like broken dishes also were interested. Cochrane then knew that she had a wonderful machine, so she received a patent from the government, which said that only the inventor can make money from an invention. Then in 1893 Chicago held a World’s Fair where inventions from all over the world were shown. Cochrane’s labor-saving machine was a big hit. Her dishwasher won the highest award.
Cochrane’s company came out with a smaller machine in 1914. It was supposed to be for the ordinary home, but it wasn’t an immediate success. Many homes couldn’t produce the extremely hot water it needed. Also, in most homes, dishwashing wasn’t considered very difficult compared to most other housework. In fact some people liked to relax at the sink after a hard day! Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. Now many homes have electric dishwashers that aren’t very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented more than 100 years ago.
1.Why did Josephine Cochrane invent the dishwasher?
A.To reduce the number of servants.
B.To avoid possible damage to the dishes.
C.To host more dinner parties.
D.To make the dishes cleaner.
2.What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 suggest?
A.The machine wasn’t as efficient as described.
B.Josephine Cochrane could no longer keep it a secret.
C.Josephine’s friends soon began to talk about the new machine.
D.The invention drew immediate attention of the public.
3.The smaller machine became popular only when_____.
A.people’s living conditions improved
B.hot water was not needed
C.housework became easier
D.people had more relaxing jobs
4.Compared with Cochrane’s invention, modern electric dishwashers _____.
A.cost less money
B.are quite different
C.wash many other things
D.are much the same
Things to Do With Smithsonian Associates in November
● Tuesday, November 5
Discovery Theater Presents Spirit of South Africa: Experience the energy, customs and cultures of South Africa as reflected in three distinctive regional(地方的) dances with instructor and performer Lesole Maine. 10: 30 am and 12 pm $3——$9
● Monday, November 11
America’s Long-Distance Passenger Trains: As America marks the 150th anniversary of the driving of the Golden Spike that completed the transcontinental railroad and linked the nation, professional Scott Hercik and a group of experts explore train travel's romantic past,its present state and uncertain future. 10 am $90—$140
● Saturday, November 23
Mysterious Guardians of the Ocean: From Jaws to “Shark Week”, people have been used to seeing sharks as terrifying cold-blooded predators(食肉动物). Conservationist William McKeever presents another view of them: evolutionary miracles are in the greatest danger of their 450-million-year history. 6: 45 pm $25——$35
● Tuesday, November26
Smithsonian Inspired Floral (花卉): Learn the fundamentals of floral design while creating designs based on famous art in the Smithsonian's collection during a three-session course. Each session focuses on a different work, providing inspiration for the flowers, greens and vases participants use to create beautiful arrangements.No experience is necessary. 6: 30 pm $115—$165
1.Which event should be the most appealing to people interested in dancing?
A.Smithsonian Inspired Floral .
B.Mysterious Guardians of the Ocean.
C.Discovery Theater presents Spirit of South Africa.
D.America's Long-Distance Passenger Trains.
2.When will you have a chance to learn something about American transportation?
A.On November 11
B.On November 5.
C.On November 23.
D.On November 26.
3.What can you do if you're free only at weekends?
A.Explore a train travel.
B.Watch a show about South Africa.
C.Attend a course about floral design.
D.Enjoy a talk on sharks.
假定你是李华，得知某英文报社就“如何关爱老年人”征集想法。请给编辑写一封信， 内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人或社会能做的事情；
3.发出呼吁。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I still remembered my working experience in a café last summer. One day, I entered into it to get a drink. However, what attracted my attentions was not the menu, but a notice said, “NOW HIRING”. I took look at the requirements but thought maybe I could have a try. On arriving home, I talked to my parents about get a part-time job in the café during the summer vacation and he strongly supported me. Determine to challenge myself, I went to the interview. Fortunate, I passed it and I was really proud of myself!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Climate emergency” was picked by Oxford Dictionaries as the word of the year for 2019 after 1. (use) on average 100 times more than in 2018.
Defined as “a situation 2. urgent action is required to reduce or stop climate change and avoid environmental damage resulting from it ”, the word became one of the most important 3. (term) of 2019. “Climate” did not have a place in the top words 4.(typical) used to modify (修饰) “emergency” in 2018. Instead, the top types of emergencies that people wrote about 5. (be) health, hospital and family emergencies. But with climate emergency, people saw something new, 6. extension of emergency to the global level. The choice was reflective, not just of the rise in climate awareness, but the focus specifically 7. the language used to discuss it. Oxford said the rise of “climate emergency” 8. (show) an intentional push towards language of urgency.
The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen 9. (reflect) attention of the passing year and should have lasting potential as a term of 10. (culture) significance. Previous winners of word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.
I went to a nursing home to visit Marsha every week. She had only months to live. Every time she said _______ “I hate my father", I would _______ to persuade her to forgive. _______a voice inside me was forcing a question: Isn't there somebody you need to _______?
When I was young, my elder brother John _______ everything I did. In his eyes, nothing I did was right. I suffered from years of emotional _______from him.
After college graduation, I began my career as a manager in another city, which gave me a （(n）)_______not to go back home often _______I could avoid seeing John. Whenever I phoned Mom, she always provided _______on what was going on with him. He didn't have a happy marriage. He lost his job as a bus-driver... But I ________to feel sorry for him.
In my spare time, I chose to be a ________. I really felt I was helping ________I met Marsha. I told myself to help Marsha, but I was ________ to help myself first.
Finally, I ________the courage to call my brother. There was ________for what seemed a century and I had a strong desire to hang up, but I ________ . "Correcting you was the ________way to show that I cared about you." he ________. Then, something brother to brother returned.
We have stayed in touch and visited each other ________ since.
The last time I saw Marsha, she was too weak to talk, but her face was ________. I knew what it felt like.
1.A.anxiously B.happily C.angrily D.curiously
2.A.manage B.pretend C.promise D.attempt
3.A.Yet B.So C.And D.Or
4.A.call B.help C.forgive D.visit
5.A.supported B.corrected C.ignored D.appreciated
6.A.response B.abuse C.relief D.connection
7.A.excuse B.chance C.advantage D.privilege
8.A.now that B.even if C.in case D.so that
9.A.comments B.updates C.instructions D.assessments
10.A.refused B.offered C.agreed D.regretted
11.A.bus-driver B.manager C.volunteer D.nurse
12.A.when B.after C.though D.until
13.A.thrilled B.desperate C.hesitant D.depressed
14.A.gathered B.lacked C.lost D.recovered
15.A.interruption B.complaint C.silence D.talk
16.A.broke in B.held up C.broke down D.held back
17.A.first B.only C.last D.same
18.A.explained B.shouted C.added D.whispered
19.A.rarely B.briefly C.casually D.regularly
20.A.troubled B.honest C.relaxed D.blank
