Children learn to construct language from those around them. Until about the age of three, children tend to learn to develop their language by modeling the speech of their parents, but from that time on, peers have a growing influence as models for language development in children. It is easy to observe that, when adults and old children interact with younger children, they tend to change their language to improve communication with younger children, and this changed language is called caretaker speech
When speaking to young children most people will, without thinking, find ways to simplify their language. A caretaker will speak in one way with adults and in a very different way with young children. Caretaker speech tends to be slower speech with short simple words which are said in a high-pitched (高嗓音)voice with strong inflections (音调变化) and many repetitions of essential information.
Caretaker speech serves the very important function of allowing young children to acquire (学得) language more easily. The simplified words and sentences make it easier for the small child to begin to comprehend, and the repetitions strengthen the child’s developing understanding. Then, as a child’s speech develops, caretakers tend to adjust their language to a level that is slightly above that of a younger child. Without recognition of what they are doing, these caretakers will speak in one way to a one-year-old and in a more complex (复杂的) way as the child reaches the age of two or three.
There are debates among experts about whether caretaker speech is a natural function or a learned one. Those who believe that caretaker speech is a natural function in humans believe that it is human nature for children to acquire language and for those around them to encourage children to learn language naturally; the presence of a child is itself a natural stimulus (刺激) that increases the rate of caretaker speech among those present.
However, other experts believe that caretaker speech develops through nurturing (教育) rather than nature. They argue that people will try out different ways to communicate with a child and according to the child’s responses, choose the most effective speech; a parent might, for example, learn to use speech with strong inflections with a small child because the strong inflections do a better job attracting the child’s attention than do more small inflections.
1.According to the text, children over the age of three ________.
A.learn little language from those around them
B.are no longer influenced by the language of their parents
C.are influenced more by those closer to their own age
D.stop using caretaker speech in communication
2.Which of the following is TRUE about caretaker speech?
A.Most people are not familiar with the use of caretaker speech.
B.People generally speak louder to young children without realizing it.
C.Young children use caretaker speech to express themselves.
D.Caretaker speech cannot be understood if it is said only once.
3.It can be learned that parents tend to ________.
A.speak in the same way to a one-year-old and a three-year-old
B.use language that is far above the language level of a child
C.speak in a progressively less complex way as a child grows up
D.change their speech according to the language development of a child
4.It can be inferred that someone who believes in nurture over nature _________.
A.doesn’t believe children have a born ability to learn language
B.prefers to communicate with children in adults’ language
C.encourages parents to adjust their speech to children’s needs
D.has a better understanding of children’s language learning
Top Summer Programs For High School Students In 2020
Did you know summer activities can push your college application to the “yes” pile? If you haven’t decided how to spend your summer time, you may think about the possibility of attending a summer program. It will offer you opportunities to experience life on a college campus, explore fields you have interest in, and perhaps, even earn college credit (学分) for the courses you take.
The following are four top summer programs we select for high school students:
Summer Immersion Program
During the free 7-week program, 10th-11th grade girls learn about computer science, gain exposure to tech jobs, and join a sisterhood of girls who are using computer science to become change-makers.
All programs run for 7 weeks during the summer from Monday through Friday, 9am -4pm. Program dates vary by city.
Princeton Summer Journalism Program
The Princeton Summer Journalism Program (PSJP) is one of the only programs of its kind offering a free, forward-looking residential journalism and precollege institute for high achieving high school juniors from low-income backgrounds.
2020 Program Dates: Friday, July 31, 2020 - Monday, August 10,2020
The Summer Academy for Math and Science (SAMS)
SAMS allows students to develop deeper understanding in areas such as mathematics, physics and computer programming. In addition to their academic experiences, students also have the opportunity to cooperate, and develop meaningful relationships with peers from across the country.
Start Date: Saturday, June 27,2020
End Date: Saturday, August 8,2020
The Pioneer Research Program
In the Program, selected students work one-on-one with leading U.S. university professors in advanced study and research of a topic of their interest The program is conducted entirely online, allowing high school students from all over the world to take part.
Summer term: June 8 - August 28, 2020
1.The purpose of writing this passage is to help high school students ________.
A.have more chance to study in college B.get some college life experiences
C.find where their real interests lie D.study college courses in advance
2.What is special about Summer Immersion Program?
A.It doesn’t require payments for the courses.
B.It accepts girls who are interested in computers.
C.It doesn’t have a fixed course opening date.
D.It helps students develop new friendships.
3.Which program can a student attend at home in China?
A.Summer Immersion Program.
B.Princeton Summer Journalism Program.
C.The Summer Academy for Math and Science.
D.The Pioneer Research Program.
假设你是李华，是一名在Eric家里的交换生(exchange student)。昨晚，你和几位同学在房间里大声讨论周末班级出游事宜，影响了Eric一家休息。
请给Eric写一封道歉信，内容包括：
1.表示道歉; 2.说明原因; 3.提出解决办法。
注意：1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Eric,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I was in a strange city that was knowing only by GPS. My phone died. I couldn’t figure out how to reach which my former classmate lived. I stopped at McDonald’s and walked up to two person who appeared to be a mother or her teen daughter. “I’m sorry, but did you mind my using your telephone?”She handed me her phone but it was getting ready be turned off because she didn’t have enough money to pay a bill. I made for my phone call. Reaching into her wallet, I pulled out all I had, a $20 bill. I pressed it into the mother’s hand and then turned to leave hurried.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot1.(deal)with such games by the end of this century. That is the prediction of a recent study.
It's not just the Olympics that2.(be) at risk now. “The world of winter sports is changing as the global climate continues warming,”says Daniel Scott,3.climate-change researcher in Canada. He led a team of researchers,4.used math to predict how winter conditions will have changed by February 2050 and 2080. February is the month when the Olympic winter games are5.(typical) played．
Scott and his team forecast temperatures and snow cover for the 19 cities that have already hosted Winter Olympics, and two6.(addition) cities: PyeongChang, South Korea，and Beijing, China, where the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held.
Scott’s team7.(start) with looking at historic winter conditions, and then used computer models to predict conditions in the future.8.( they) model predicted that by2050，the average February temperatures in past Winter Olympic host cities will rise by 1.9 9.2.1 degrees Celsius. These temperatures can affect the quality of snow, thus10.（increase)the chance of accidents.
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.__________ （compare）360 safe with Tencent, which one do you prefer?
2.The young man, having made several finally a_________to beat the world record in the high jump, decided to have another try.
3.I don't mind her c__________（批评）me, but it is how she does it that I object to.
4.Americans use a flashlight,__________ for the British, it's a torch.
5.Now, with the development of society, more and more people take up t____________ jobs.
6.With prices ____________(go) up so fast，we can't afford luxuries.
7.A scientist, as well as a writer , must be ___________(create) and imaginative.
8.Unfortunately, we rushed the fallen old man to hospital,only ________(tell) that we were responsible for him.
9.She felt sure the letter had some ________________ (hide) meaning.
10.The boy pretended ____________ (do) his homework when his father came in.
11.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ____________ (perform) live is quite another.
12.Men usually have an advantage__________ women when hunting for jobs.
13.Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera is, the better its___________ (质量) is.
14.I __________(specific) told you not to go near the water.
15.Friday is your last chance ____________ (see) the show before it closes.
16.Dina,____________ (struggle) for months to find a job as waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
17.When standing before the class, he felt uneasy with all the eyes _____________ (focus) on him .
18.The engine just won't start. Something seems____________(go) wrong with it.
19.All people _____________ (concern) with the case will be questioned by the police.
20.This is the pilot with ___________ my brother has worked for ten years.
