All animals—from humans to birds，worms and crocodiles—sleep，however，not all species sleep alike. Scientists have long puzzled over which aspects are truly fundamental. Now a new study on lizards(蜥蜴)suggests that sleep states once thought to occur only in mammals and birds have much older evolutionary origins.
Scientists had long doubted that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates(脊椎动物)to experience rapid eye movement(REM)，a sleep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is overworking. During REM sleep，the brain produces high-frequency waves of electrical activity and the eyes turn suddenly from time to time. In humans，REM is closely linked to dreaming. REM is a pattern of slow-wave sleep，a state in which brain activity weakens and the waves become more consistent. This slower state is widely thought to be important to memory formation and storage.
“But scientists who looked for signs of REM and slow-wave sleep in reptiles(爬行动物) have had‘confusing’results，”says Gilles Laurent，a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt，Germany. So he and his colleagues had planned to examine how the lizards—a common pet in Germany use visual information to chase treats. Using camera，the team found that the sleeping lizards’eyes twitched during the REM-like stage，just like other animals. They also found a very familiar pattern within the slower phase of the lizards’brain waves. Some scientists believe these waves help transform new information into memories by replaying past events quickly.
Although more studies are still needed to determine whether the function of these brain wave patterns is the same across species，the results suggest that these REM and slow-wave sleep patterns could date all the way back to the common ancestor of reptiles，birds，and mammals.
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The origin of human dream.
B.The definition and effect of REM.
C.The features and course of memory.
D.The advantages and disadvantages of REM.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word“twitched”in paragraph 3 ?
A.opened wide B.moved quickly
C.stayed closed D.kept still
3.How does the lizards’brain waves turn information into memories according to some scienfists?
A.By increasing their frequency slowly.
B.By changing their pattern occasionally.
C.By playing back the past events quickly.
D.By connecting visual information effectively.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The function of the brain wave is the same.
B.All the animals have the common ancestor.
C.The sleep pattern of all the animals is the same.
D.The study about sleep pattern has a long way to go.
Yesterday，I drove my 23-year-old daughter to the nearby counseling center，to attempt once again to complete the treatment. I did my best to encourage and give her inspiring support as she was feeling anxious of the whole process.
While we were waiting，just minutes before the center opened their door，a young girl the same age as my daughter，came in. She had a beautiful smile I remember，and spoke of her desire to make a difference for others like my daughter from a11 she learned through her past drug abuse. I felt that she was sincere in her desire. It had been two weeks since her stopping the use of drugs.
My daughter was standing next to me and focused on doing her best to stay calm on the outside，while inside she was feeling quite anxious，so she barely noticed what this girl was saying. Yet，she did manage to open up and talk with her a bit about the noisy ceiling fan in the hall where we were waiting.
Next Friday，it will be a new opportunity for my daughter to try once again，as well as the possibility of being there for this young girl，too. I continue the example ot sell-love for my daughter，strengthening this skill，while encouraging my daughter’s positive changes.
I noticed yesterday，my daughter called her friends，“I am a strong woman!”This made me smile，as a sudden gift to me from when I had been speaking to her enthusiastically about how we are strong women，trying our best，and we overcome and win through our life challenges. Let her know I believe in her. While she was focused on the physical，in that moment，I think she was likely feeling strength in all ways，too. I hope so.
1.What was the problem with the author’s daughter?
A.She was seriously i11.
B.She lost bravery to face life.
C.She had to receive an operation.
D.She was suffering from drugs.
2.What did the author’s daughter talk about with the young girl?
A.The room facility.
B.The anxiety of treatment.
C.The crowded waiting hall.
D.The noisy patients around.
3.What do we know about the author’s daughter from the last paragraph?
A.She made friends with the girl.
B.She was cured completely.
C.She regained confidence.
D.She respected her mother.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.We’re Enough，Waiting For Challenges
B.We’re The World，Winning The Future
C.We’re Strong Women，Trying Our Best
D.We’re On The Hard Way，Lacking Self-Love
Is it possible to build muscle and meanwhile lose fat?Please allow us to bring the following two facts to your attention first.
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1.What’s the purpose of mentioning the conflict of building muscle and losing fat?
A.To bring out the course. B.To clear confusion.
C.To stress importance. D.To warn the danger.
2.How many pounds of fat in all does the course promise to lose?
A.2. B.4.
C.6. D.8.
3.Where is the text 1ikely to be taken from?
A.A newspaper. B.A website.
C.A fitness book. D.A biology magazine.
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack对你们学校最近开展的“书香校园”活动很感兴趣，写信向你咨询相关情况。请你用英语给他一封回信，介绍此次活动的开展情况，内容包括:
1. 开展此次活动的目的；
2. 此次活动的具体内容(例如:二手书市，读书分享会，……)；
3. 此次活动反响如何；
4. 你对此次活动的看法。
注意:1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:Scholarly Campus 书香校园；second-hand book fair 二手书市
Dear Jack,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
English learners can improve their abilities to remember and use new words by testing themselves. So next time you are studying English, try to test 1. (your). A simple way to test vocabulary is to create flashcards (抽认卡) with clues on one side and answers on the back. Flashcards in the past were small cards or pieces of paper with a word or a question on one side and the meaning or answer to 2. question on the other side. Students used them to quiz each other or quiz themselves to prepare 3. examinations. Now, many online services allow students 4. (create) digital flashcards. One such service is Quizlet, 5. learners can do a variety of activities based on one set of new words or 6. (inform). You can match words and meanings, write a word after 7. (look) at a picture, or listen to a word and write it. You can also play 8. (game) with the new words and meanings.
Another way is to ask yourself questions. Lynn recommends that learners ask questions such as, “What did I learn today? What were those words I thought were 9. (interest)? What 10. (be) the verb tense I learned? How does it work?”
On his 67th birthday, Dad had a heart attack. He was _________- he survived. But something inside him had _________. His passion for life was gone. He refused the doctor’s _________, and his bitter attitude made every visitor _________. Dad was left alone.
I asked Dad to come and live on our small farm, _________ the fresh air would do him good. A week later, I _________ the invitation. He criticized everything here. Frustrated, I decided something had to be done.
One day I read an article saying several depressed patients’ attitudes had _________ dramatically (显著地) when given dogs. That afternoon I drove to an animal shelter, where a pointer’s eyes caught my attention. They watched me _________.
A staff member said: “He’s been here for two weeks with nothing heard, his _________ is up tomorrow.”
I turned to the man in horror, “You mean to __________ him?”
“Madam,” he said coldly. “We don’t have __________ for every unclaimed dog.” The pointer’s calm brown eyes __________ my decision. “I’ll take him,” I said.
On arriving home, I took the dog to Dad’s room. “Look what I got you!” I said __________.
Dad frowned and murmured. “I don’t want it.” Then, suddenly, the pointer __________ from my grasp. He sat down in front of Dad.
Dad’s anger __________, and soon he was hugging the animal.
It was the beginning of a (n) __________. Dad named the pointer Cheyenne. Together they spent long hours walking down country roads and relaxing on the banks of streams.
Dad’s __________ faded, and he and Cheyenne befriended each other. Then, one night two years later, Cheyenne rushed into my bedroom as if telling something. Running into Dad’s room, I found he had __________.
Two days later, my grief __________ when I discovered Cheyenne lying dead beside Dad’s bed. While burying him near their favorite stream, I silently __________ the dog for restoring Dad’s peace of mind.
1.A.helpless B.dangerous C.lucky D.unusual
2.A.stayed B.left C.died D.stopped
3.A.orders B.descriptions C.designs D.ideas
4.A.satisfied B.upset C.crazy D.surprised
5.A.imagining B.guessing C.hoping D.supposing
6.A.forgot B.regretted C.admitted D.opposed
7.A.improved B.differed C.grew D.transformed
8.A.anxiously B.seriously C.restlessly D.calmly
9.A.time B.owner C.energy D.body
10.A.release B.adopt C.kill D.reject
11.A.money B.room C.worry D.patience
12.A.refused B.doubted C.expected D.challenged
13.A.patiently B.suddenly C.carefully D.excitedly
14.A.pulled free B.set back C.kept off D.slipped away
15.A.occurred B.melted C.continued D.strengthened
16.A.patience B.adoption C.separation D.friendship
17.A.bitterness B.sympathy C.happiness D.sadness
18.A.come back B.gone out C.turned up D.passed away
19.A.weakened B.deepened C.appeared D.closed
20.A.praised B.apologized C.begged D.thanked
