In the 19th century, doctors tried to transfuse blood (输血)to patients who had lost blood in accidents or to try to save them. However, in most cases there would be a horrible reaction. When the donated blood mixed with the patient's own blood，it clotted (凝结)almost immediately. That stopped the circulation (循环)and the patient would die. Born on 14th June 1868，Karl Landsteiner，a doctor in Vienna, was very concerned about this. He knew there was something in the blood that caused reactions, but some people did manage to escape. Perhaps different people had different kinds of blood? He got a lot of blood samples (标本)from people, and mixed and matched them. Blood has two parts，the blood cells and the liquid serum(血清).You take blood cells from one person and mix them with the serum of another. If they react, the cells will clot and form a big lump. That means it is not safe to transfuse blood between these people. Landsteiner matched hundreds of samples like this，to find out who was safe for whom and who wasn’t. In fact, there were blood groups now called A, B, AB and O.
So what was going on in the blood? All our red blood cells have sugar molecules(糖分子) that are stuck on their surfaces. The red blood cells of people with group A have one kind of sugar, while those with B have another. People with AB have both of these while people with O have none.
People with the A blood group have a chemical substance called anti-B, while those of B blood group have anti-A in their serum. People with AB group have neither anti-A nor anti-B, while people with O have both. If you were B group and got blood from an A person,the anti- A in your blood would cause all the cells with A-sugar on them to clot immediately, stopping the circulation of blood.
In 1907, Dr. Reuben Outenberg carried out the first safe blood transfusion by matching blood groups. Blood transfusion became quite common from then on. And it helped saved thousands of lives in the First World War.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Accidents in blood transfusion.
B.The discovery of blood groups.
C.Who Karl Landsteiner is.
D.The success of Dr. Reuben Otlenberg.
2.What inspired Landsteiner to carry out his experiment?
A.Some doctors in the 19th century.
B.The cause of some patient deaths.
C.Many medical accidents that he came across.
D.Certain successful cases of blood Iransrusion.
3.In which of the following can ''anti-A'' be found?
A.Only in the A blood group.
B.Only in the B blood group.
C.Only in the AB blood group.
D.In blood groups of B and O.
4.Since when has blood transfusion Income universal?
A.The first successful blood transfusion done by Ottenberg.
B.The time when blood groups were named by Landsteiner.
C.The year when the First World War broke out.
D.The blood transfusion by matching blood groups.
We see art everywhere around us. In public parks, city squares, shopping streets and public buildings, we find modem art objects on display. Classical art, such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people.
Both art and architecture have a history of ages. All forms and ways of expressing the beautiful things have been explored. In the case of architecture, many buildings designed in the past have proven beautiful and served their purposes. Governments and companies could save millions of dollars by building or copying designs of architecture of buildings from the past. There are still many designs for buildings made by famous architects that were never realized. Besides, some people find modern architecture ugly. So why should we pay a lot of money to architects for designing new buildings?
The same holds for modern art, both paintings and statues. Many storerooms contain enough art lo decorate all public buildings and other public places. There is no need to create more art, and as with modern architecture，many people find new art difficult to understand or appreciate.
Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new art works? The answers have to do with the function of art in society today. First of all, the function of art is to decorate. Art works make our living environment more beautiful. Another function of art is enriching real life. Art helps people to learn to think creatively. In art things are not always what they seem to be. Very often you can hardly tell what the funny art objects are. People need such creative moments. Finally, art is often seen as a way to instruct the audience. Statues of heroes from the past remind us of our history. Paintings and other art objects can also help us realise which goals we should set for ourselves.
Because ideas about society change and every period of time has its own taste, there is always a need for new art. We can still appreciate the beautiful art works made in the past but they are often too valuable to be placed in public buildings. Besides, they also often need special protection.
1.Who owns collections of ancient statues and paintings?
A.Public parks or city squares.
B.Shopping streets or public buildings.
C.Museums, companies or rich people.
D.In some historical sites or private possessions.
2.What's the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?
A.To explain why some people find modem art ugly.
B.To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art.
C.To show the benefits of copying designs from the past.
D.To prove both art and architecture have a long history.
3.Why can't we use old art to decorate public buildings?
A.Because they need long-lasting restoring.
B.Because more people prefer modem art.
C.Because of the changes and difference of tastes.
D.Because of their value and need for protection.
4.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The functions of art in society.
B.The functions of architecture,
C.The reason why art is difficult.
D.The reason why art is precious.
I was driving home from my laughter club when I passed a patrol policeman going in the opposite direction. I looked in my rear-view mirror(后视镜)and saw him make a quick Ilium. I looked down at my speedometer(速度计)and saw that I was going at the speed of 65 mph. He got behind me and started flashing those pretty red and blue lights. I could feel my heart pounding.
I am a Laughter Yoga Teacher. I teach people that laughter is the best medicine for stressful situations, so I decided to practice what I teach. I started laughing, not because it was funny, but because I know that laughter can reduce blood pressure and make people happy. The police officer walked to my car. When I rolled down my window I was giggling (笑)to myself.
''Did you know you were going at 75 mph in a 55 mph zone? '' he shouted. I tried to keep laughing and said ''No'' with a smile, I looked clown and saw that I was going at 65 mph. He responded, ''That is still breaking the law. The speed limit is 55. ''
I was thinking about the laughing. ''Ha ha ha, I made a mistake and I will learn a lesson from it Please forgive me''. I kept giggling to myself while he asked about my driving record. Then I laughed out loud when I explained to him, ''I used to get letters in the mail stating if I got one more ticket my license would be revoked'', I went on to say, ''when I was a teenager and in my early twenties. I haven’t had a ticket in at least 10 years. ''
He took away my license and went back to his police car. I could see him writing through my rear-view mirror. Soon he came back to my car, handed me back my license, smiled and said, ''Slow down, and have a nice day. ''
I believe that the laughter and smile changed him.
1.At what speed was the author driving before she was stopped?
A.50 mph. B.55 mph.
C.65 mph. D.75 mph.
2.Which of the following is similar to the underlined word ''revoked'' in Paragraph 4?
A.Withdrawn. B.Guaranteed.
C.Approved. D.Tested.
3.During what time the author did not get a ticket in her life?
A.When she was a teenager.
B.When she was in her twenties.
C.In the first ten years of driving.
D.In the recent ten years of driving.
4.Why did she escape from being punished in the end according to the author?
A.Because of her laughter.
B.Because of her clean license.
C.Because the weather was nice.
D.Because the policeman smiled.
Shanghai Grand Theatre New Year’s Concert 2020
When: Dec 30 and 31, 7:30 pm
Where: Shanghai Grand Theater
After five years of excellence.the Shanghai Graid Theater and the Shanghui Opera House join hands for the sixth New Year's Concert, which will be also the opening perfornance for
Shanghai Opera House's 2020 season.
Italian conductor Fabio Luisi. together with the symphony orchestra and chorus from the Shanghai Opera House, will delight audiences.
Pieces from Rossini, Mozart,and Symphony Vo 2 in D major by Brahms will be performed on Dec 30.The second concert on Dec 31. will include vocals (声乐作品) (tom several leading soloists, and the traditional annual performance of Beethoven's Symphony No 9 in D minor.
Napoleon, the Man Who Never Sleeps
When: Dec 31 to Jan 2, 7: 30
Where: Guangzhou Opera Hou.
Takarazuka Revue is an all-feimale theater company founded in Takarazuka, Jupan, in 1914. Women play both the male and female rolrs in abundant Broadway-style pruductions.
The play focuses on a love story of Napoleon Bonaparte(1769-1821),the French military leader and emperor.
The Chinese New Year
When: Jan 17-19, 7:30 pm
Where: National Center for the Performing Arts, Beijing
With its excellent mix of Western ballet and Chinese culture，the National Ballet of China has won a distinguished reputation for performing cherished works and original creations (创作).It will delight audiences with The Chinese New Year, the localized version of The Nut- cracker before the Spring Festival which falls on Jan 25.
Lord of the Dance
When: Jan 26-28, 2:30 pm and 7:30 pm; Jan 29 and 30, 7:30 pm
Where: National Center for the Performing Arts, Beijing
Lord of the Dance is an Irish musical and dance production that was created and produced by Irish-American dancer Michael Flatley.
In 1994, Flatley changed the face of Irish dance forever with his breathtaking creation River-dance. He broke the way of traditional Irish dancing by incorporating upper-body movement and creating rhythmic patterns that departed from the traditional. Flatley went on to create Lord of the Dance, which made its first public performance at the Point Theater in Dublin in 1996.
1.What can we know about Napoleon, the Man Who Never Sleeps?
A.It is a war story.
B.All of the actors are women.
C.December 31 will be its first run.
D.It was produced by a French company.
2.What is Flatley like according to the introduction to Lord of the Dance?
A.Square. B.Easygoing.
C.Creative. D.Conservative.
3.Which will be shown at the same place?
A.Lord of the Dance and River-dance.
B.Lord of the Dance and The Chinese New Year.
C.The Chinese New Year and Napoleon, the Man Who Never Sleeps.
D.Shanghai Grand Theatre New Year's Concert 2020 and The Chinese New Year.
假设你是李华，2022年北京冬奥会正面向全国学生招募志愿者，你希望成为其中一员。请根据提示用英文给组委会写一封信：
1.自我介绍；
2.个人条件：英语好，善于交际等；
3.希望获得批准。
注意：1.词数:100词左右；
2.书信格式及开头均已给出（不计入总词数）
3. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每次错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I don’t think this wise that the school requires us to have some extra classes on weekends. In our view, we should be allowed more time of our own. It might be true that adding some extra classes would be of some helpful to a few passive students. However, we cannot always expect rely on someone else to decide for us which is necessary for our success. Besides, the place that we are weak varies great from person to person. What our teachers do in the class can rarely meet the needs of individual students. Thus, if we can have more free times, we can focus on our weaknesses and balanced our energy on different subjects.
