There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unlike words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.
A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects (实验对象).
The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers (同龄人) in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by connecting fibers (纤维) called the corpus callosum (胼胝体). This was the area that was underdeveloped.
The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.
The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry’s website.
Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.
1.What did the subjects have in common?
A.They were hurt by unkind words.
B.They performed poorly in imaging tests.
C.They had their brain slightly damaged.
D.They experienced no physical abuse at home.
2.Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?
A.To show the power of words. B.To introduce an opposite view.
C.To prove the author’s argument. D.To show ancient people’s wisdom.
3.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The way we speak matters.
B.Verbal violence should be stopped.
C.Unkind words hurt the brain.
D.Words are worse than sticks and stones.
4.What will be discussed in the next paragraph?
A.Comments on the findings. B.Approaches to further studies.
C.Suggestions to parents. D.Different opinions on the matter.
阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Traveling without a map in different countries, I find out about different ways of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”
Foreign tourists are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don’t have name signs. In Japan, people use landmarks (地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
People in Los Angeles, the US, have no idea of distance on the map: they measure distance by time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You don’t understand completely, “Yes, but how many miles away is it, please?” To this question you won’t get an answer, because most probably they don’t know it themselves.
People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because tourists seldom understand the Greek language. Instead, a Greek will often say, “Follow me.” Then he’ll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office.
Sometimes a person doesn’t know the answer to your question. What happens in the situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People there believe that “I don’t” is impolite. They usually give an answer, but often a wrong one. So a tourist can get lost very easily in Yucatan! However, one thing will help you everywhere in the world. It’s body language.
1.Which of the following is probably an example of Japanese directions?
A.“The post office is at Street Kamira.”
B.“Turn right at the hospital and go past a school.”
C.“The post office is about five minutes from here.”
D.“Go south two miles. Turn west and then go another mile.”
2.Why don’t people in Los Angeles give directions in miles?
A.They prefer to lead you the way.
B.They prefer to use body language.
C.They often have no idea of distance measured by miles.
D.They use landmarks in their directions instead of distance.
3.How do Greeks give directions?
A.Using street names.
B.Using landmarks.
C.Leading people the way.
D.Giving people a wrong direction.
4.According to the last paragraph, we can learn that_____________________.
A.people in Yucatan always give wrong directions
B.people in Mexico know streets’ name well
C.body language makes you get lost in Yucatan
D.people in Mexico prefer to use body language
Volunteer Opportunities Abroad
Working place: Brasov, Romania
Living place: Host families
Age requirements: 16~19 years old
Local official language: Romanian
For those looking to break into the competitive world of journalism, this is for you! You will be working at “The Village”, an English and Romanian language magazine. As a writer you will work on special tasks, reporting local events with guidance from the editor. You will be interviewing local people, writing reports, and taking photographs. You will also have the chance to live with a local host family to experience their culture.
Working place: Koh Sdach, Cambodia
Living place: Host families
Age requirements: 15~19 years old
Local official languages: English & Khmer
Volunteers joining our project in Cambodia will travel to the island of Koh Sdach. You will become part of this tiny island, learn to dive (潜水), and take part in valuable social projects.
During your stay you will complete a course to learn to dive. After that you will take part in dives to clean up rubbish under the sea and collect information on rare fish. During the two weeks you may also have the chance to join in a village fun day where volunteers play games with the village children.
Working place: Accn, Ghna
Living place: Host families
Age requirements: 16~19 years old
Local official languages: English &Twi
On this project you will spend two weeks living with a host family and coaching soccer in friendly West Africa! You will spend your two weeks in Accra helping local children develop their soccer skills. You will develop their skills and confidence while having fun playing soccer at the same time.
1.What will the volunteers in Cambodia do?
A.Help with fishing. B.Give a diving course.
C.Do some cleaning work. D.Teach the village children.
2.The underlined word “coaching” probably means ________.
A.nursing B.watching
C.playing D.teaching
3.All the volunteers of the three projects will ________.
A.work for two weeks B.be at least 16 years old
C.stay with local families D.learn the local language
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Brown听说中国有一种戏剧叫皮影戏,感到很好奇,所以发邮件向你求助。请你写封邮件告知有关皮影戏的情况。内容包括:
1.表演方式;
2.文化价值和历史。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:皮影戏 shadow play
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下列每个句子中有一处语言错误。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
1.If it were not for his absence, we can have defeated the other team.
2.A good coach knows how to deal with the strength and weaknesses of each player.
3.The moment when he rose to speak, the audience burst into cheers.
4.You can’t take for granted that I should do everything for you.
5.The law was passed with response to public pressure.
6.When Mr. Green retired, his son took on the business from him.
7.I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, however the cost.
8.He held his head up as if he has defeated the whole world.
9.Felt rather hungry, we managed to catch some fish in the water and had a fish-barbecue by the river side.
10.He is the only one of the students who have won the prize twice.
Unlikely ______, what I’m telling you is true.
A.as it may sound B.it may sound though
C.as may sound it D.may sound it though
