FIRE plays an important role in maintaining woodland ecosystems but fire introduced to undergrowth too often destroys too much; as humans remain the leading cause of wildfire, the responsibility to minimize the damage done falls on our shoulders. Here are four man-made fires that highlight the mission to fight fire and help to replant the world’s forests to counter the effects of deforestation.
Heilongjiang Fire—China, 1987
One of the largest fires ever to occur in history, the Heilongiiang Fire devoured three million acres of forest in the Greater Khingan Range. Reports attributed the fire’s easy spread to dry conditions in the area-but it was excessive logging activity without any effort to let the forest regrow that really let it rage unhindered. 34,000 soldiers were deployed to put the fire out, and 33,000 people were left homeless.
Wallow Fire—USA, 2011
Still the largest wildfire in Arizona’s history, Wallow got its name when two men accidentally started it while camping in the Bear Wallow Wilderness. Their campfire blew out of control and burned through over half a million acres of land, costing $72 million to extinguish, and a further $37 million to clean up and rebuild after the damage. More than 6,000 people had to be evacuated.
Uttarakhand fires—India, 2016
Throughout the year, man-made fires plagued the pine forests of the Uttarakhand Region. Widespread media coverage eventually spurred the government on to intervene, sending Indian Air Force helicopters to put them out. It’s suspected that these increased numbers could be the result of honey or seed collectors trying to frighten off animals.
Brandenburg Fire—Germany, 2018
Largely thanks to longer, dryer summers than usual—the forested area of Brandenburg, Germany, caught alight. Results of investigation suggested that evidence pointed to arson (纵火). Brandenburg lost nearly 1,000 acres of its forested land and three nearby villages had to be evacuated. A choking, smoky haze drifted twelve miles to Berlin, causing residents to have to shut themselves in their home.
1.The underlined word “counter” in the first paragraph has the closest meaning to ________.
A.reverse B.multiply
C.achieve D.enhance
2.Which of the following is true about the four fires?
A.The dry condition of the Greater Khingan Range was mainly responsible for the rage of Heilongjiang Fire.
B.A total of $72 million was poured in putting out the Wallow Fire alone.
C.Uttarakhand fires claimed so many lives that Air Force helicopters came to the rescue.
D.Excessive heat from the Brandenburg Fire confined the residents nearby to their homes.
3.The most suitable title for this passage might be ________.
A.hot weather setting the globe on fire
B.forest blazes caused by human hands
C.forest fires consuming people and money
D.uncontained forest fires raging worldwide
India announced a complete ban on the sale of all e-cigarettes, saying the products posed a health risk, especially to young people.
Some 35 million people around the world are believed to be using e-cigarettes or the newer heat-not-burn products. They are popular among smokers in many places who are trying to kick the habit, as they _________ the urge for nicotine while removing exposure to the tar and toxins of burned tobacco. These novel _________ come with attractive appearances and multiple flavors and their use has increased enormously and has _________ epidemic proportions in developed countries, especially among youth and children.
Unfortunately, though e-cigarettes got promoted _________ as a way in which people can get out of the habit of smoking cigarettes, many people worry they’re _________ new addictions to nicotine, particularly among young people.
“It is time that we immediately made a decision so that the health of our citizens, of our young, is not _________ to a risk, Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said Wednesday after a Cabinet meeting. Sitharaman said the outbreak of lung injuries associated with e-cigarettes had added to local _________ about the impact of e-cigarettes on people’s health. Hundreds of people are being _________ for lung illness in 36 US states and researchers are investigating if those illnesses are related to the use of e-cigarettes. _________, an emergency ordinance (法令) banning the use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) will be __________ in the coming days. The ordinance will be taken up during the next session of Parliament and converted into law.
Sitharaman added that the ban would __________ e-cigarette production, manufacturing, import, export, transport, sale, distribution, storage and advertisement. It includes all forms of ENDS, heat-not-burn products and e-hookah devices, according to a press release. People who __________ the ban once could face up to one year in prison or a fine of 100,000 rupees ($1,400) or both. __________ e-cigarettes would also be punishable with up to six months in prison and a 50,000-rupee ($700) fine.
The nationwide __________ came after almost a dozen Indian states had taken similar action. Vendors with existing stock will have to declare and deposit their __________ e-cigarettes and cartridges at the nearest police station, the statement added.
1.A.resist B.satisfy C.desire D.survive
2.A.bans B.devices C.risks D.sales
3.A.elevated B.reserved C.acquired D.deprived
4.A.sensibly B.initially C.accidentally D.reliably
5.A.polishing B.paving C.rejecting D.creating
6.A.thrown B.addicted C.accustomed D.entitled
7.A.passions B.charged C.requests D.concerns
8.A.secured B.charged C.treated D.granted
9.A.Currently B.Accordingly C.Lately D.Previously
10.A.issued B.relieved C.realized D.approached
11.A.bridge B.liberate C.disclose D.cover
12.A.violate B.regulate C.lift D.disapprove
13.A.Banning B.Smoking C.Storing D.Refusing
14.A.option B.move C.applause D.rescue
15.A.expensive B.scarce C.remaining D.fake
Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
Facebook to buy tech start-up working on mind control technology
TECH giant Facebook announced it has made a deal with a start-up company working on technology that will allow users to make computer commands using their mind 1. of more traditional methods like taps and keystrokes.
CTRL-Labs will become part of Facebook Reality Labs with an aim of perfecting the technology and 2. (build) it into consumer products, according to Andrew Bosworth, vice president of augmented reality and virtual reality at the social media company. “We spend a lot of time trying to get our technology 3. (do) what we want rather than enjoying the people around us. We know there are more natural, intuitive ways to interact with devices and technology,” he said in 4. online post.
The wristband will decode electrical impulses 5. (send) to hand muscles, telling them to move in certain ways. The vision for this work is a wristband 6. lets people control their devices as a natural extension of movement. Here’s how it 7. (work): You have neurons in your spinal cord that send electrical signals to your hand muscles telling them to move in specific ways such as to click a mouse or press a button.
The wristband will decode those signals and translate them into a digital signal your device 8. understand, empowering you with control over your digital life. It captures your intention so you can share a photo with a friend using an unperceivable movement or just by, well, intending to. Bosworth also explains how thought-commanded interactions might dramatically alter 9. people experience virtual reality scenarios, which currently feature hand-held controls. 10. Facebook hasn’t disclosed financial terms of the deal to buy the New York-based CTRL-labs so far, unconfirmed media reports said it paid more than $500 million.
假设你是高二学生李华，你所居住的城市正在争创全国文明城市（National Civilized City），作为一个有责任心的市民，你注意到了两个有待改进的现象，即共享单车（shared bike）随意摆放；行人车辆时有抢道。请你给市长写封信，建议关注这两个问题并提出你的相应整改措施。
注意：开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mayor,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:(1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
(2)只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Do you believe love is the most important? In the early twenty century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in that they received little love. At one time, Dr. Skeels took twelve children from an art orphanage or had a young girl look them each day. He also studied another the twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long. He followed these children until they grew up, and the results were shocked. The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses. However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently. The only differences between these children -- the love, made a great difference to us.
For me personally, I could write for days about many different situations where adversity (逆境)______ my life. Now let me tell you one experience where I almost let adversity ______.
We had a glass studio, which was located 50 feet from our home. A couple of years ago we experienced an _____ winter; we had a lot of snow and ice. The ____ of the ice and snow______ the roof on our studio, taking with it one of our sources of income. ______ it did fall down, we got on the roof and tried to ____ the snow and ice, but when you have 5 feet of ice and temperatures of minus 20 Celsius, it was pretty ______ to do.
We had a partner come in to help us try to ______ the roof by supporting. In the end, there was ______ that could be done. The roof came down. We had moved a lot of our goods and tools from the studio ______ we lost a lot also: glass, kilns, workbenches, to name only a few of the items. It was a ______ experience.
Here we were in the middle of winter with our studio collapsed. We couldn't work as we had almost______ all the material in a building we were not using. We could have done one of two things: we could simply say that we can no longer _____ our glass business. Let me tell you that this was certainly a thought that ______ our mind. Or we could find a way to get our studio back up and running.
We picked the _______ option. We had a large barn that we were not using. So we renovated (翻新) the barn, _____ our working area and today we have a nicer studio than we ______ had. If the adversity we were ______ had not happened, we probably would ______ be working in the old studio — a studio that was less efficient.
1.A.prevented B.influenced C.damaged D.promoted
2.A.suffer B.win C.escape D.work
3.A.awkward B.awesome C.awful D.agreeable
4.A.size B.weight C.height D.temperature
5.A.destroyed B.limited C.pressed D.struck
6.A.Although B.Unless C.Before D.When
7.A.remove B.reduce C.recycle D.replace
8.A.worthwhile B.tough C.rewarding D.annoying
9.A.examine B.test C.restore D.secure
10.A.nothing B.enough C.all D.something
11.A.for B.but C.or D.so
12.A.vain B.valid C.treasured D.disastrous
13.A.displayed B.arranged C.piled D.presented
14.A.conduct B.predict C.instruct D.quit
15.A.approached B.cleared C.crossed D.comforted
16.A.easier B.former C.further D.latter
17.A.redesigned B.evaluated C.organized D.reserved
18.A.desperately B.previously C.eventually D.hopefully
19.A.aware of B.concerned about C.cautious about D.faced with
20.A.ever B.already C.still D.even
