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Researchers have studied how birth order...

    Researchers have studied how birth order affects kid’s personalities in the past, but one study out of the United Kingdom has found that firstborns may have an educational advantage over their younger siblings (兄弟姐妹).

Researchers at the University of Essex’s Institute for Social and Economic Research surveyed 3,553 individuals and 1,503 groups of siblings, and discovered that firstborn children tended to have higher educational aspirations and attainment. Only children and firstborn twins were not included in the study.

For each family involved in the study, researcher Feifei Bu examined sibling birth order, the number of children in the family, age spacing, sex, health, relationships with one another and educational aspirations. She found that firstborns had a greater probability—16 percent higher—of attending further education, compared with later-born sibling.

“The advantage of firstborns in educational outcomes may be partially explained by the fact that firstborns tend to have higher aspirations which push them toward high education levels,” Bu wrote in the published study.

She further explained to The Guardian that parenting could play a role. “It could be that the parents simply devote more time and energy to them; it could be that they are actually more intelligent. For me, I tend to lean towards the theory that the amount of time, energy and involvement that parents put into caring for their children is possibly at work here,” she said.

She also found age spacing to be a contributing factor. The further apart in age the siblings—for example, a six year instead of one year difference—the more likely both kids were to be successful. The idea is that with widely spaced siblings, parents have the ability to spread out their resources. In other words, they have time to give each child more time and money.

But younger siblings shouldn’t worry. The world is full of successful middle and youngest children willing to prove this study wrong.

1.Who are more likely to complete higher levels of education according to Paragraphs 1 and 2?

A.Only children. B.Firstborn twins.

C.Younger siblings. D.Firstborn siblings.

2.What is possibly important for kids’ educational achievement according to Bu?

A.Parental investment. B.Parents’ intelligence.

C.Kids native intelligence. D.Kids’ school environment.

3.What is the influence of wider age spacing between two siblings?

A.It may cause conflicts between them.

B.It may place more pressure on parents.

C.Both of them are more likely to succeed.

D.They are likely to be different from each other.

4.How is the text mainly developed?

A.By listing examples. B.By giving descriptions.

C.By setting down general rules. D.By presenting research findings.

 

1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。埃塞克斯大学社会经济研究所的研究人员调查了3553名个体和1503组兄弟姐妹,发现长子往往有更高的教育抱负和成就。研究中没有包括独生子女和头胎双胞胎。其中父母花在照顾孩子上的时间、精力和投入可能在这里发挥了作用。 1.推理判断题。根据第二段的Researchers at the University of Essex's Institute for Social and Economic Research surveyed 3,553 individuals and 1,503 groups of siblings, and discovered that firstborn children tended to have higher educational aspirations and attainment. Only children and firstborn twins were not included in the study.(埃塞克斯大学社会经济研究所的研究人员调查了3553名个体和1503组兄弟姐妹,发现长子往往有更高的教育抱负和成就。研究中没有包括独生子女和头胎双胞胎。)可知根据第1段和第2段内容,长子的兄弟姐妹更有可能完成更高层次的教育。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第五段中For me, I tend to lean towards the theory that the amount of time, energy and involvement that parents put into caring for their children is possibly at work here,” she said.(“对我来说,我倾向于这样一种理论:父母花在照顾孩子上的时间、精力和投入可能在这里发挥了作用。”)可知Bu认为,父母的投资可能对孩子的教育成就很重要。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句The further apart in age the siblings—for example, a six year instead of one year difference—the more likely both kids were to be successful.(兄弟姐妹的年龄差距越大——例如,相差6岁而不是1岁——两个孩子成功的可能性就越大。)可知兄弟姐妹之间年龄差距越大,他们成功的可能性越大。故选C。 4.推理判断题。分析文章结构可知,第一二段主要说明了“长子的兄弟姐妹更有可能完成更高层次的教育”的研究发现,第五段说明父母的投资可能对孩子的教育成就很重要;第六段第一句She also found age spacing to be a contributing factor.(她还发现年龄间隔也是一个影响因素。)说明兄弟姐妹之间年龄差距越大,他们成功的可能性越大。可知文章主要本文主要通过展示研究成果来展开。故选D。
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The developers' plan now is to keep working on and enriching the app's features. This will most likely include monthly average cigarette rates, and enabling users to get data from cities other than the one they're in.

1.What does the underlined part “that question” mean?

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C.Mexico City. D.Sao Paulo.

3.Before Coelho used the app, he probably thought that__________.

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