When a person dies, his body decays (腐烂). Skin and flesh disappear and as time goes on, only a skeleton is left. A mummy is the dead body of a person or an animal that has been preserved (保存) by wrapping cloth or other material around it.
Mummies have been found all over the world, most of them in Egypt. However, other cultures in South America and Asia also mummified their dead persons.
The oldest mummy ever found dates back to 6,000 years before Christ. The British Museum in London currently displays the oldest Egyptian mummy, dating back to 3,400 BC. The British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the remains of Tutankhamun in 1922, probably the most famous mummy in the world.
Today scientists study mummies with special equipment and X-ray machines. They discover more about the bodies of ancient people and how they lived. They can also find clues to what they ate and what kind of disease they had.
Mummification also happens because of extreme weather. Mummies have been found in the cold regions of the world, including the Alps and the Himalaya mountains. Salt water also helps preserve bodies. Mummies have been found in deserts and in peat bogs (泥潭沼泽). The most famous natural mummy is tzi, the Iceman, found in a glacier on the Austrian-Italian border in 1991.
1.What is the main idea of Para. l?
A.The concept of a mummy. B.The value of a mummy.
C.The history of the mummy. D.The way to preserve a mummy.
2.Which of the following is true about the remains of Tutankhamun?
A.It is a natural mummy.
B.It was discovered about a century ago.
C.It dates back to 6,000 years before Christ.
D.It may be the most famous mummy in Europe.
3.What can scientists discover with special equipment and X-ray machines?
A.How ancient people ate.
B.Where ancient people lived.
C.How the skin and flesh disappeared.
D.What kind of disease ancient people had.
4.Which is the negative(否定的) factor to mummification?
A.Coldness. B.Dry heat.
C.Warm climate. D.Salt water.
Danelle Ballengee, 35, was a world-class athlete who had run in over 500 long distance competitions through deserts and mountains around the world. Up ahead, Taz disappeared, but Danelle did not worry as she climbed a rocky path to the top of a ridge (山脊) near the top, her foot hit a piece of ice. She slipped over a stone and fell over a cliff (悬崖).
She was badly injured. She could swing her toes but when she tried to stand, the pain was terrible. The lower half of her body was useless.
Danelle looked at her watch. It was noon. She guessed she was three kilometers from her truck trapped in a hidden desert in winter. Then she heard Taz. He ran down from the top to meet her. Danelle remained still, her pain became less serious and she could think her way out of this trap. She would follow Taz down the path to the valley floor and crawl back to her truck.
She rolled onto her stomach. Taz went ahead of her, then back, wondering why Danelle didn’t follow him. Bearing the pain, she focused on her task.
Five hours later, Danelle reached the valley bottom, 500 meters closer to her goal, too tired. Then she noticed an ice-covered hole. She needed water to go through. She dipped her bottle into the hole, but it came out full of soil. She used the lid to slowly pick water from the surface. It took over 50 picks to get enough. She finally stopped as it was full. Danelle reached out to her and she put her arms around Taz. She fell his warmth and held on.
As the hours went on, Danelle tried to pay no attention to the pain and cold. She stared at the night sky, talked to Taz and counted the stars with him. Pain annoyed her constantly. Throughout the night, she took sips of water, realizing that if she drank too much, she would urinate and the liquid would freeze on her legs.
1.How do you judge that Danelle was an experienced athlete?
A.She had trained for lots of times.
B.She had been a player for many years.
C.She had got through too many troubles.
D.She had taken part in hundreds of competitions.
2.What does the underlined word “task” refer to in Para. 4?
A.To reach her truck. B.To find the rocky path.
C.To arrive at the valley floor. D.To make Taz get what she wanted.
3.How did Danelle get clean water from the hole into her bottle?
A.By dipping her bowl into the hole.
B.By dipping her bottle into the hole.
C.By using the lid to pick water from the surface.
D.By using her hand to pick water from the surface.
4.What did Danelle do to fight the pain and cold?
A.She took some medicine and made a fire.
B.She counted the stars and talked with Taz.
C.She asked Taz to put warm clothes on her.
D.She drank hot water and wrapped the wound.
Best summer camps for families in the USA
Frost Valley
The Frost Valley camp in Claryuville, New Your, Which was founded in 1901, is one of the oldest camps in the United States. It covers 6,000 acres in the Catskills. It offers a week-long family camp only in August that includes all the traditional activities. For living, you can choose from tents, cabins, Forssmann Castle (a restaurant), and the Strausss Center country house.
Medomak
This is a very small camp in Washington, Maine, and it can only hold 12 families at a time. Medomak is your classic summer camp, with cabin-style accommodations (食宿) that includes a bathroom and family-style meals that will be served in the camp’s farmhouse dining room. The camp covers 250 acres and includes a lake.
Takodah
Takodah, a camp in Richmond, New Hampshire, lets you choose your pace. You can fill your day with activities like pick-up games and swimming or just be relaxed to read a book. A favorite activity is a trip to Mount Monadnock. You will also stay in a family house and eat together in the dining room.
Camp Hanes
Camp Hanes is a camp in King, North Carolina, which offers family camping on weekends. It is a little primitive (原始的), and you will have to bring your own bedding where you stay, but it does have electricity and air conditioners. You will eat family-style meals with other camping families. And of course, you can gather around the campfire as a family in the evening.
1.What do we know about Frost Valley?
A.It opens to campers all the year around.
B.It has the longest history in America.
C.It limits the number of camping families.
D.It offers campers different kinds of living places.
2.What is the most popular activity in Takodah?
A.Supplying free meals. B.Climbing Mount Monadnock.
C.Reading what you like. D.Making a fire in the evening.
3.What should you do if you want to take part in Camp Hanes?
A.Prepare a flashlight. B.Be good at swimming.
C.Bring your own bedding. D.Wear comfortable shoes.
假定你是李华，你校学生会拟在寒假期间组织消防安全教育课程。请你以校学生会的名义用英语写一封信，号召同学积极参与，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.课程内容；
3.课程的意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文中不得出现真实校名和班级信息；
4.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数；
参考词汇：消防firefighting 紧急情况emergency
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Student Union
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My classmates and I went to the Beijing Exhibition Hall to see the exhibition on China’s achievements in last Saturday.
The exhibition attracted thousand of people all over the country, so we had to wait for a long time to get in. Luckily, we met a docent(讲解员) who gave us a introduction of the development during these years. We listened attentive and were deeply impressed by the brilliant success of our County. When we step into the Hi-tech display section, our eyes were caught by the high-speed train model “Fuxing”. We were so amazing at it that we couldn't help take pictures all the time. After leaving, with the words “Chinese Dream” as a setting, we had a group photo to record the great moment.
The visit to the exhibition gives me greater faith in Chinese dream, that our personal dreams are closely related to.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith, a Canadian who worked as a physical education1.(instruct) at a college. He noticed2.lack of interest in exercise among students during wintertime. The Canadian winters were very cold, so the students were3.(will) to do outdoor activities. Naismith determined that a fast-moving game4.(play) indoors would fill the empty after the baseball seasons had ended. In December of 1891,he5.(hang) two old baskets at either end of the gym, and with nine players on each side, organized the first basketball game. In less than a year, basketball was being played in6.the United States and Canada. Five years7.(late), a championship was held in New York City.8.that time, the team had already been reduced to seven, and five became standard in the 1897 season. When basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games, it9.(quick) spread throughout the world. In 1906, a metal ring10.(use) to replace the basket, but the name basketball has remained.
