You may have heard of the word “pub” . It is short for public house. There are around 60,000 pubs in the U.K. One of the oldest pubs，Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St. Albans，Hertfordshire，is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.
1. People talk，eat，drink，meet their friends and relax there. Pubs often have two bars，one usually quieter than the other，and many have a garden where people can sit in summer. Children can go into pub gardens with their parents.
Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks.2. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy：The bar staff will usually serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first.
Most pubs offer a complete range of beers，local and imported，with German，Belgian and French beers being in demand.3. As a matter of fact，pubs sell soft drinks，too.
The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18 in the UK. People aged 16 and 17，with the license's permission，may have only one glass of wine during a meal.4. It is illegal to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk. A fourteen-year-old may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if he orders a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p．m.，which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together. 5.Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in the U.K.，you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for your purchases immediately.
A. British people like drinking beers in pubs.
B. Pubs are an important part of British life.
C. But they must be with an adult and the adult orders it.
D. In the salon bar the atmosphere is quieter and there are fewer people.
E. And it also allows pubs to play their traditional roles as community centers.
F. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group.
G. Most people might think pubs are places where people simply drink alcohol.
Dolly Parton, an American musician, is used to performing for big crowds. But after her set this year at Glastonbury, Britain’s largest music festival which can date back to 1970, she admitted a butterfly was in her stomach. Since that show, her album Blue Smoke has stayed near the top of the album chart for eight weeks.
Live music is flourishing (繁荣) even as sales of recorded music have decreased greatly. In the past two years, it has grown by 15%. Live music lovers now spend more than €l billion a year on tickets and almost half that on food, drink and the like. In the early 1990s, Britain had few festivals. But around 450 will take place this year. The festival season, once limited to July and August, now stretches until early autumn. On the first weekend of September, four festivals battle it out.
One reason was a change of the licensing laws, which made it easier to put on a show outdoors. The recession (经济衰退) helped too: Britons who could no longer afford foreign holidays found a weekend of camping in a muddy field more attractive.
Ageing crowds are another bonus. Older people have more cash to spend on festivals, and their demands have helped make festivals safer and more pleasant. Security at bigger festivals has grown much tighter. Fancy food and drinks have replaced cheap hot dogs and beer.
All this is changing the way the music industry works. Festivals are increasingly seen as a way for artists to attract fans. Newer names find them essential: Clean Bandit, a British band who brought out their first album this year, is performing at around 20 festivals this summer. And music managers are increasingly taking into account how successfully artists will perform at big outdoor festivals before deciding to sign them.
1.What do we know about Dolly Parton?
A.She is an inexperienced performer.
B.Glastonbury used to be her favorite festival.
C.Glastonbury’s large audience made her nervous.
D.Her album Blue Smoke was an instant hit in the UK.
2.Which of the following can indicate live music is flourishing in Britain?
A.The licensing laws have been changed.
B.The festival season lasts longer than before.
C.Ticket prices of music festivals have increased by 15%.
D.People are willing to spend more money on recorded music.
3.What’s older people’s contribution to outdoor festivals?
A.Helping attract huger crowds of fans.
B.Spending more money on food and drink.
C.Offering music festivals financial support.
D.Urging organizers to offer a comfortable experience.
4.Why are music festivals important to new artists?
A.They may change Britain’s music industry.
B.They can be effectively promoted at the festivals.
C.They can cooperate with some big-name artists.
D.They may make the acquaintance of music managers.
In the United States if your parents attended a college or university, there is a good chance that you will, too. Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy. But your chances are mitigated if you come from a needy family, a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.
Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing people’s behavior through indirect suggestions and by supporting positive actions. It was popularized in the 2008 book Nudge. The book was a project of a legal expert and an economist with the University of Chicago.
A growing number of US colleges and universities look to nudging as a way to support poor, minority and first-generation students. They also are using it to increase overall graduation rates. Two common forms of nudging are emails to students and text messages to their mobile phones. Schools and other educational organizations keep in contact with students this way, offering advice and help when needed.
However, recent studies have shown that there is more than one way nudging can go wrong. And making use of nudging to influence large groups of students is harder than it seems. Alejandra Acosta is a higher education policy expert at New America, an independent research group. She notes that there are several qualities a nudge campaign must possess in order to be successful. Acosta says messages must be timely, meaning they reach college students well before the date by which a student is required to take action. Additionally, nudges should be written clearly and provide as much information as possible. If students start to struggle in class, school officials should give information about what kinds of support the college or university offers and exactly how the student can make use of them.
1.What does the underlined word “mitigated” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.replaced. B.reduced.
C.increased. D.wasted.
2.What does nudging involve?
A.Helping the needy take action positively.
B.Setting a good example for the needy.
C.Making use of various good theories.
D.Giving the needy direct suggestions.
3.What can we learn about nudging from Paragraph 3?
A.It’s of no use to wealthy people. B.It hasn’t drawn wide attention yet.
C.It can be used in a variety of fields. D.It’s being increasingly recognized.
4.What’s the best title of the text?
A.Nudge: a book written by a legal expert and an economist
B.Nudge: a strategy to help more US students
C.Nudging: a way for US colleges to support students
D.Nudging: a way to improve graduation rates in the USA
It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds.
He might be a little more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. Dr. Jim O’Connell is Boston’s only doctor left still making house calls to the homeless.
Nearly 600,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems with no access to care. O’Connell and his well-known team of “street doctors” are doing something about it, treating about 700 regular patients.
O’Connell and his team of psychologists and social workers spend their days walking around the downtown where his patients live – in parks, under bridges and on the outskirts of town. During his morning rounds, O’Connell himself usually see about 20 patients. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city.” he said. “You couldn’t find a more grateful population.” “This man is unbelievable!” one patient remarked. “This is my doctor. He’s been my doctor for life,” another added.
O’Connell does just about everything, from stitches (缝补)for an arm to surgery for the soul. If patients can’t be treated on the street, he finds them a temporary treatment bed in a shelter.
“Everything I had been taught to do in my medical school – go fast, be efficient – was counterproductive (适得其反) when you take care of homeless people.” O’Connell told Harvard Magazine.“When you see somebody outside, you get them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it took six months or a year of offering a sandwich or a cup of coffee before someone would start to talk to me. But once they engage(参与), they’ll come to you any time because they trust you. I often say that the best training for this job is being a bartender because it’s all about listening.”
When asked about how his life might have turned out, had he become a highly paid doctor, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.”
1.Who does “a more grateful population” refer to?
A.The 700 regular patients. B.600,000 homeless Americans.
C.O’Connell and his team. D.People with health problems.
2.What can we infer from the text?
A.O’Connell is quite wealthy.
B.Homeless patients don’t care about their health.
C.O’Connell used to be a bartender.
D.There are doctors dropping out of O’Connell’s team.
3.What’s O’Connell’s problem when he is making his rounds?
A.He doesn’t know where his patents are.
B.He finds it hard to be trusted by his patients.
C.He has little time to listen to his patients.
D.He often receives complaints from his patients.
4.According to the passage, which words can be used to describe O’Connell?
A.Generous and impatient. B.Selfless and careless.
C.Devoted and unselfish. D.Unbelievable and efficient.
Casting Call for TV Role
Gender: Female
Location: Hollywood, California
Genre: TV Serials
Producer: Cooper&Cole Productions
Full details
Who we are looking for:
Are you a woman between the ages 20 and 30? Have you had at least two years of experience as a professional actress? Would you like to appear on a TV show watched by hundreds of thousands of viewers? If you answer yes to all of these questions, this can be a great opportunity.
About the role:
Cooper&Cole Productions is looking for someone to play a role in the popular series, The Mystery of Glastonbury Grove. After two successful seasons, the show is about to start production of the third season. The new season will introduce a number of new characters to the show. The role we are currently seeking to fill is a main character’s distant relative. The character will appear in three episodes(剧集) out of the eight in the new season. This is a silent role.
How to apply:
If you think you meet the requirements and are interested in working with us, submit the following information to coopandcole@gmail.net no later than October 12.
Name: E-mail:
Phone: Age:
Height: Weight:
Your work(s): (Please attach the VIDEO/LINK.)
**Attach several recent photos of yourself.
Auditions (试镜) will be held at our Hollywood office at 8:00 am on Saturday, October 19. If you are selected for an audition, we will contact you by October 16.
1.Who might be an ideal applicant for the TV role?
A.A schoolgirl having a gift for performing.
B.An experienced actor proud of what he did.
C.A famous person eager for a role in movies.
D.A 29-year-old actress acting in many films.
2.What can we learn about the new role?
A.It will not have any dialogue. B.It will exist in the fourth season.
C.It will appear in at least 8 episodes. D.It will be the wife of a main character.
3.What should applicants submit?
A.The address. B.Previous works.
C.Recent family photos. D.A recommendation letter.
请阅读下面材枓，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
（写作内容）
1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1） 支持成反对共享单车的推广；
（2） 用 2-3 个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
（写作要求）
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇还贯，词数适当。
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