You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing, Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch (抽动) and she flicks (轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis (麻痹)”.
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched (成弓形) their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, catching, and fighting.
In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
1.What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?
A.The dreaming cats are practising their important skills.
B.The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.
C.The eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still.
D.The dreaming cats suddenly wake up and run for the ball.
2.What can you learn from the passage?
A.Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
B.Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.
C.Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.
D.Rats also dream to work out their recent learning.
3.Which animal may dream most frequently?
A.Dogs. B.Rats.
C.Cows. D.Elephants.
4.How does the author develop this passage?
A.By making comparisons. B.By using figures.
C.By telling stories. D.By showing facts.
“What kind of rubbish are you?”This question might normally cause anger，but in Shanghai it bas brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st，the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.
Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets.
Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.
Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的），the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss（投掷）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.
1.What's the purpose of Paragraph l?
A.To complain about rubbish dividing.
B.To explain the four categories of the waste.
C.To introduce the rules on waste sorting.
D.To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations.
2.What does the underlined word "Violators" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.People who don't pay for train tickets. B.People who argue with the monitors.
C.People who obtain bank loans. D.People who are against the regulations.
3.What makes the citizens upset most about the rules?
A.Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish.
B.Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish.
C.Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.
D.Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.A Restart of Waste-sorting B.A New Age of Garbage Classification
C.Learning to Classify Rubbish D.Rubbish-sorting Benefits the World
J.K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day. Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is a celebrity (名人) who is very active on twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled being a broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter”, and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing they have done these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud,” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”
After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more signed books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
1.Why did Burke thank J. K. Rowling according to the passage?
A.She guided him how to write a good story.
B.She encouraged him when he was in trouble.
C.Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.
D.Her books helped him through times of confusion.
2.What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4?
A.He has found it interesting to read the series.
B.He was too old to understand the series better.
C.He has chosen a better way of reading the series.
D.He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.
3.Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the passage?
A.Ridiculous. B.Precious.
C.Abnormal. D.Unbelievable.
4.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.J. K. Rowling chooses to help people through times of depression.
B.Burke comes to know J. K. Rowling through her series.
C.J. K. Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.
D.J.K. Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.
City College
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
All high school graduates and anyone 18 years of age or older, with or without a high school diploma, are suitable for admission. Individuals under the age of 18 who possess a high school diploma are also suitable for admission.
HOW TO ENROLL IN CREDIT COURSES
New and readmitted students must complete and hand in a credit admissions application form available online at www.ccsf.edu.
BEFORE YOU REGISTER:
● Learn about your skill level in English and Math through our assessment service;
● Attend an orientation (新生报到会) to hear about support services;
● Meet with a counselor (adviser) to select your courses;
● Find out if you are required for attending the entrance examinations.
HOW TO ENROLL IN NONCREDIT COURSES
Courses in Noncredit Programs are free of charge (no enrollment fee). For information on how to enroll in noncredit courses, click here.
PARKING
Students, faculty and staff are encouraged to use public transit. Click here for Parking Regulations.
SERVICES
City College services include a bookstore, cafeteria, health center, tutoring center, career and transfer center, counseling, financial aid, library, learning resource center, student government offices, campus police, disabled students programs and more.
1.Which kind of the following people could not be admitted into City College?
A.A high school graduate.
B.An adult without a high school diploma.
C.A sixteen boy without a high school diploma.
D.Anyone who possesses a high school diploma.
2.What do we know about the entrance examinations from the passage?
A.All new and readmitted students must take the examinations.
B.Those who are poor in English and Math must take the entrance examinations.
C.Not all the new students are required to take the entrance examinations.
D.The entrance examinations are free of charge.
3.Where can this passage be found?
A.On an education website. B.In a newspaper advertisement.
C.In a tour guide. D.In a college news report.
假定你是李华，为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，你校学生会决定在国庆节前夕举办“我爱祖国”全校师生合唱比赛。请写封邮件邀请外教Mary观看。内容包括：
1. 合唱比赛时间、地点, 合唱比赛chorus competition；
2. 比赛安排。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Five years ago, my father, who was in his forty, lost his job. At first, he was in low spirits and often gets drunk. One day, he read a story about Ren Zhengfei, which was greatly inspired him. He turned to a friend, with which help he set up a factory. In his factory waste materials were made full use to produce environmentally friendly packing bags. With these bags well receiving, his factory went smooth. Now, he has extra money because he often helps those in need. So far, he has donated as many as $10,000. How a great father I have!
