单词拼写
1.E________ is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.
2.Emile invented a record player that used discs as a________ to tubes, so the modern record player was born.
3.No matter what c________, when the phone rings, everything stops so that the call can be answered.
4.The course has four main c________: business law, finance, computing and management skills.
5.The beautiful island is only a________ by boat.
6.Gravity is a natural p________ (现象).
7.A needle is used for letting liquid out of body parts which had ________ (肿胀) up.
8.Aspirin has the ________ (可能性) to reduce the risk of heart attacks.
9.This medicine has proved ________ (有益的) to mankind, because it has saved millions of people’s lives.
10.The kidney plays a ________ (极其重要的) role in the removal of waste products from the blood.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
These days, people 1. (do) manual work often receive far more money 2. clerks who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently 3.(refer) to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason 4. they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. 5. is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay 6. the privilege of becoming white collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, 7. it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. When he got married, Alf was too 8.(embarrass) to say anything to his wife about his job. He 9.(simple) told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home 10.(dress) in a smart black suit.
For The Flying Classroom’s second project, 11 of us from Tehran went to Tokhme-Baloot, a rural village in Ilam, one of the poorest provinces in the country. ____ by the government, Ilam has a high rate of unemployment, ____ and drug use. People there used to make their living by farming, but now this way of life is ____ by constant famine (饥荒). The situation for children there is ____. Boys who don’t do well in school must start work after eighth grade and girls who don’t do well in school stay at home doing ____ or get married.
Because our research before the trip made us believe there were large ____ around the village, we planned our project concept around oak (橡树) trees and squirrels to make the children ____ the beauty of the environment.
____, when we arrived at the village, we saw that there were only flat, ____ grass fields. Tokhme-Baloot was far less ____ than we had expected. The village had only gotten gas and electricity four years earlier, and it was sometimes ____ in the winter. After we saw the village and the surrounding area, the best concept for the project that we could think of focused on the respect for ____.
We began working with the students. Children started ____ the school equipment in bright colors. My colleague Zoya and I cut a dead branch into pieces and painted it to recreate a tree inside the school, as a symbol of nature ____ by children, and on it we hung the squirrels and cranes. We left the school in bright colors with objects to ____ the children’s imaginations.
Projects like ours are viewed ____ by Iran’s government, and during our trip we were ____ twice, once by the army and once by Basij, a paramilitary (准军事的) militia (民兵组织). They came to the school and talked to our group’s founder about the project, questioning him about is ____, who supported it, who our members were, etc. After the tip, we ____ that The Flying Classroom might be stopped, but ____, it wasn’t.
1.A.Supported B.Ignored C.Cheated D.Valued
2.A.poverty B.influence C.development D.increase
3.A.used B.covered C.threatened D.enjoyed
4.A.hopeful B.poor C.wonderful D.strange
5.A.homework B.cooking C.chores D.washing
6.A.companies B.factories C.forests D.markets
7.A.destroy B.appreciate C.forget D.decide
8.A.However B.Therefore C.Besides D.Instead
9.A.false B.dusty C.poisonous D.rare
10.A.developed B.visited C.known D.polluted
11.A.benefited B.produced C.burned D.interrupted
12.A.war B.nature C.love D.god
13.A.dreaming B.stealing C.painting D.borrowing
14.A.praised B.written C.created D.saved
15.A.limit B.inspire C.share D.check
16.A.skeptically B.naturally C.wonderfully D.secretly
17.A.sentenced B.killed C.interviewed D.rescued
18.A.purpose B.result C.income D.success
19.A.hoped B.concluded C.pretended D.feared
20.A.secondly B.fortunately C.unluckily D.gradually
Many of us are hardwired NOT to ask for help. We think it makes us appear weak. We think people will say no. we think we have to do everything ourselves.1.. We have to get over that, and there’s how:
Get over yourself
No one—and I mean NO ONE----got anywhere alone. You cannot and should not do everything yourself. You are not, in fact, always the best person for the job, or the “only” person who can do it. asking for help is sign of strength, not weakness. Asking for help clears space for you and frees your time and energy. 2..
Rebuild your thinking
Rebuild what it means to ask for help from “I am a weak, incompetent loser” to “I am strategically allocating my time to focus on what matters most.” Don’t focus on the fact that you can’t do something or don’t have the time. 3.. It’s a chance to connect, a chance to value a colleague, a chance to get something done faster or better, a chance to optimize your own time and talents.
4.
Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best outcome the most quickly with the fewest resources expended. That’s a fancy way of saying “get the right people for the job.” 5.. And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and proactively build relationships.
A. Know your colleagues.
B. Think about your colleagues.
C. Your energy can’t be wasted.
D. It’s a smart strategy.
E. It’s all about building the right team.
F. Instead, think about what you will gain from the ask.
G. Whatever the reason, we don’t ask for the help we need.
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the 4Tirst-nighf, effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.
The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
1.What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A.She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B.She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C.She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
D.She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
2.What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A.She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
B.She recruited (招募) 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
C.She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.
D.She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
3.What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A.She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
B.She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.
C.She exposed her participants to two different stimuli (刺激物).
D.She compared the responses of different participants.
4.What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A.They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B.They tended to recognize irregular beeps as a threat.
C.They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D.They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones
“One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her Study, participants were randomly(随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy(疗法) with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months later, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it--more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice,’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them addiction and withdrawal symptoms(脱瘾症状) before they even reached the day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s acceptable. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.
1.What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A.She quit smoking with her daughter’s help
B.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health
C.She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers
D.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly
2.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?
A.They were given physical training
B.They were offered nicotine replacement
C.They were encouraged by psychologist
D.They were looked after by physicians
3.How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?
A.It is encouraging B.It is unexpected
C.It is impractical D.It is misleading
4.Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show that quitting smoking .
A.is something few can accomplish B.requires a lot of patience
C.needs some practice first D.is a challenge at the beginning
