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Soaping up your hands may do more than j...

    Soaping up your hands may do more than just get rid of germs. It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices, according to a new study. The study builds on past research into a phenomenon known as “the Macbeth effect”.

It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience(良心)by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands. A few years ago, scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act. If people were then given a chance to clean their hands, they later expressed less guilt than people who hadn’t cleaned.

This finding fascinated W. S. Lee, a researcher. “Anything from the past, any kind of negative emotional experiences, might be washed away,” says Lee.

He decided to test hand washing’s effect on one kind of bad feeling: the tension we feel after being forced to choose between two attractive choices, because picking one choice makes us feel that we’ve lose the other. People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating(夸大)the positive aspects of their choice.

He had students rank 10 different music CDs. Then he offered students one CD as a gift. Some students then use liquid soap. Others only looked at the soap or sniffed(嗅)it. “Actually, you do not need water and soap,” says Lee.

Later, the students again had to rank all the music. People who didn’t wash their hands had the normal response — they scored their take-home CD higher, suggesting that they now saw it as even more attractive than before. But this wasn’t true for the hand washers. They ranked the music about the same. “they feel no need at all to justify the choice,” say Lee.

But the implications of it just aren’t clear. Schwarz says it’s too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice. He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder, but perhaps if they don’t go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice, they might feel more sorrow in the long run.

1.The Macbeth effect refers to the fact that ________.

A.Shakespeare did scientific research before writing Macbeth

B.soaping up one’s hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decision

C.people feel less guilty by getting rid of invisible germs from their hands

D.people feel less ashamed after washing their hands

2.According to Lee, after people make the choice ________.

A.they will overstate the goodness of their chosen choice

B.they will feel regretful for not choosing another

C.they will feel free due to the feeling of losing the other choice

D.they will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict

3.According to Lee, the hand washers consider the judgment of choice ________.

A.more scientific B.unnecessary

C.a little convincing D.absolutely useless

4.What does Schwarz need to research more?

A.Whether people need to justify their choice.

B.Whether people feel more sorrow after washing hands.

C.Whether washing hands help over a long period of time.

D.Whether washing hands is helpful to make a choice.

5.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

A.Is Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension?

B.Washing Hands, Washes Our Mind

C.Washing Hands, Helps Make a Better Choice

D.Washing Hands, Reduces the Stress of Decision

 

1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 【解析】 本文讲述了洗手可以减轻做出选择之后的困惑或愧疚。 1.D细节题。由第二段If people were then given a chance to clean their hands, they later expressed less guilt than people who hadn’t cleaned.可知,人们洗完手后愧疚感会减弱。因此D项符合。 2.A细节题。根据第四段中by later exaggerating(夸大) the positive aspects of their choice.可知,他们会夸大他们选择的积极方面。答案为A。 3.B细节题。由第七段最后一句中的they feel no need at all to justify the choice可知,他们根本不需要为选择辩护。故选B。 4.C细节题。根据最后一段中Schwarz says it’s too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice. He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder, but perhaps if they don’t go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice, they might feel more sorrow in the long run.可知,他说洗手有助于决定做出者清理思路,但是可能如果他们没有经过通常的事后决策过程来证明他们的选择,他们可能会感到在一段长时间内感到悲伤。所以洗手是否有助于一段长的时期还需要更多的研究,故答案为C。 5.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章目的是在说明洗手可以减轻做出选择之后的困惑或愧疚,也就是洗手有助于减轻做决定的压力。文章讲了Lee做的实验,证明了这个观点,故D项是最适合的标题。
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    I believe that my actions show my beliefs, not my words.

I wrote a letter to my kids a few years ago. It’s three pages long, and it sums up my life experience of four decades. By the time they reach adulthood, they will have heard most of their father’s advice in that letter: live in the moment, do not attach yourself to physical things, treat others the way you would like to be treated, etc. I sealed the letter in a white envelope, and wrote instructions that nobody should open it unless something horrible happened to me.

As a police officer, I have seen life disappear in an instant. I realize that could happen to me at any time. Yet knowing that letter is there in my locker makes me more comfortable with my own death.

Every day, when I open my locker, I see the letter. It makes me aware that I should be careful at work, and show my children and the people I have connection with that I try to practice everything I have written. If that day comes and my children finally read the letter, I hope that because of my actions, they will take my written beliefs to heart and improve upon my example.

But for me, it’s not enough to write down my beliefs. I try to be the best person I can be every day---even in very difficult circumstances. I am more successful some days than others, but sometimes I curse too much. Sometimes I am cynical, unwilling to believe that people have good and honest reasons for doing something. I also get stressed and upset, yelling at my kids sometimes, and sometimes I am not as loving or as sympathetic as I should be. In fact, I am far from perfect, but I hope my children will eventually realize that perfection is an illusion. What really matters is that, instead of just writing down our beliefs, we all take action to be the best humans we can be.

1.Which of the following can best describe the author?

A.Hardworking and humorous. B.Courageous and sensitive.

C.Selfless. D.Considerate.

2.Why did the author open the locker to see the letter every day?

A.He wanted to confirm his beliefs.

B.The letter served as a reminder.

C.He kept adding something new to it.

D.His kids asked him to check it.

3.What can we learn about the letter written by the author?

A.The author was in his forties when writing it.

B.The kids were too young to understand the tips in it.

C.The author was sure of its positive effects on his kids.

D.The author hoped it wouldn’t be opened until bad things occurred.

4.Which can replace the underlined word in the last paragraph?

A.Doubtful about others’ motivations.

B.Curious about everything around.

C.Particular about himself.

D.Unsatisfied about his profession.

5.What is the author’s understanding of life?

A.That fathers should take care of their children.

B.To become a perfect man.

C.To be better today than yesterday.

D.That bad guys deserve to be punished.

 

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Places to go for Halloween fun in Chengdu

One of the most fun and fulfilling things during the season is to throw a Halloween party and boogie through the night with friends and family. When pumpkins, witch's hats and spiders make their annual appearance you can tell Halloween is approaching.

Whether it's a party for children or just one for adults, there are so many great treats, games, music and activities that you can enjoy yourselves in the city.

Dark Mirror-themed Party

With a scary theme - Dark Mirror (黑暗之镜), Lan Kwai Fong Chengdu this year will host a big Halloween party on October 31st with these elements: Ghost Parade, Haunted House,  Costume Contest and so on. Participants could enjoy live music show, dance and play “trick or treat” games in the public outdoor area.

VenueLan Kwai Fong Chengdu, 1 Shuijing Street

Halloween Carnival Party

The Chengdu Happy Valley Amusement Park is to host a Halloween Carnival Party that features magic performances, live rock bands performance and lots of wicked events for participants. The Halloween season in the park will last till November 11 with admission from 80 to 150 yuan.

Venue: 16 Xihua Avenue

Beer Nest Halloween Party

The Beer Nest I and Beer Nest II will be decorated in a haunted (闹鬼的) house style and there will be scary movies playing on the big screens of the Beer Nest II. Entertaining activities, such as food & drink specials, live DJs, cool music and Spooky Kids Workshops, will be held and a professional markup artist from Sweden will be there for those who want to make an impression Halloween night.

Halloween E-sports Night Party

The Halloween E-sports Night to take place on October 31 is one of the highlights of the E-sports Cartoon and Animation Festival to be held in Chengdu Eastern Suburb Memory on October 31-November 1. It will offer relevant activities including cosplay showcases, e-sports competition and live music shows as a platform to communicate with celebrated anime artists and cartoon lovers.

Venue4 Mid-sectionSouth Jianshe Road

1.How can we tell Halloween is approaching?

A.People are eating pumpkins. B.Witch's hats are sitting on the head.

C.Spiders are weaving nets at the corner. D.Families or friends are getting together.

2.Which party offers special activities for children to enjoy themselves

A.Dark Mirror-themed Party. B.Beer Nest Halloween Party.

C.Halloween Carnival Party. D.Halloween E-sports Night Party.

3.What is the common element of the four parties?

A.Cosplay. B.Food.

C.Music. D.Magic.

4.What can participants do at Halloween E-sports Night Party?

A.Make cartoon shows. B.Attend E-Game competitions.

C.Learn to arrange cosplay shows. D.Exchange ideas with anime artists.

5.What can we infer from the Beer Nest Halloween Party?

A.The party will be held in two places one after another.

B.Scary movies will be played in the public outdoor area.

C.A Sweden artist is expected to bring joy to the party.

D.The party will be decorated in a traditional Chinese way.

 

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“Nope. Just cleaning house!” I called back, smiling.

This yard sale had been the result of six months of ______. I had searched every ______ and overflowing closet and cupboard—crazy about my seeking to find items to ______.

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All yard sales lasted two days. As hard as it can be to let things ______, the true value of those things is to ______ you of a place you lived in, a special time in your life, or a loved one in your heart.

1.A.acquisition B.concern C.explanation D.meaning

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7.A.thrilled B.tired C.confused D.embarrassed

8.A.famous B.perfect C.vital D.cheap

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11.A.allocate B.approached C.exposed D.withdraw

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14.A.bought B.improved C.donated D.twisted

15.A.disappearing B.hanging C.printing D.winding

16.A.pictured B.appreciated C.stopped D.forgave

17.A.review B.report C.rhyme D.repeat

18.A.lonely B.silly C.good D.hopeful

19.A.gather B.survive C.control D.go

20.A.cheat B.inform C.remind D.warn

 

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