Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they're not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.
The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive (认知的) behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.
Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.
A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).
After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.
"It's an important, warning note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists," says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. "
"Being depressed can mean feeling lost in your own small, negative, dark world," Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in fighting that sense of isolation. "When you're emotionally fragile, you're even more in need of a caring human being," he says.
1.What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?
A.Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.
B.Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.
C.They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.
D.They have been well received by a lot of patients'
2.What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?
A.Their effectiveness in combating depression
B.The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.
C.Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.
D.The recommendation by primary care doctors.
3.What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?
A.They should not be neglected in primary care.
B.Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.
C.They should be used by strictly following instructions.
D.Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.
4.Which is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?
A.A positive state of mind. B.Appropriate medication.
C.Timely encouragement. D.Human interaction.
The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor’s office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it’s high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约).
SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling(咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic,identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, “The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is.”
“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next.”
1.What is the purpose of the SMA approach?
A.To improve medical service. B.To promote doctors’ reputation.
C.To conduct medical research. D.To meet patients’ expectation.
2.According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?
A.Personal service. B.Fixed ideas.
C.Lack of equipment. D.Shared goals.
3.What can the underlined “buy-in”in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?
A.practice. B.organization.
C.purchase. D.support.
4.What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?
A.It is currently being questioned. B.It is impractical in some areas.
C.It will enjoy wide popularity soon. D.It should be carried out step by step.
For the past two years I have been travelling and living abroad. Home has become more of a feeling than a place. I feel at home when I am with my family in London, but I also feel at home in Italy with friends I love. Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows. It is more complicated than that.
This is one of the reasons that celebrating the new year has become very important for me. I do not care about "New Year’s resolutions(愿望)” - living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I don't feel the need to plan for change: I live for change.
New Year’s Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends that makes me feel at home. Every year we try to reunite wherever we are and remember the time when we knew each other so well that we felt like a family. It is a moment to reconnect and get to know each other again. Last year, we travelled to a cottage in Ireland where we had no internet and no neighbours. In the middle of the countryside, away from our big and constantly changing lives, we were able to become like a little family again.
This year, we went to Barcelona. It was a very big change. We were surrounded by culture and life and joy. There were bars and parties. It was different, but one thing stayed very much the same-I felt at home again and we felt like a family again.
A lot of people feel that New Year’s Eve cannot live up to expectations. Ideas such as the "New Year's kiss" and "resolutions" create a lot of pressure for people to have a night to remember, a night that will change their lives and perhaps make the next year one worth living. I think those people are missing the point. If Christmas is about family, why can't New Year be about friends?
1.What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Family. B. Living abroad.
C. Home. D. Staying with friends.
2.Why doesn't the author care about "New Year's resolutions"?
A. New Year’s resolutions cannot be reached.
B. His lifestyle makes him always ready for change.
C. It's meaningless to make any big changes in life.
D. Making New Year's resolutions creates much pressure.
3.What does the author try to convey through his experiences in Ireland and Barcelona?
A. Life is peaceful and enjoyable.
B. Living abroad is a happy experience.
C. Staying with friends makes one feel at home.
D. Travelling abroad enriches one's life experience.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. New Year's Celebration:How? B. True Friendship: What?
C. Living Abroad: Comfortable or Complicated? D. Change:Plan it or Make it?
Enter for a Chance to Win a Montana Adventure
Imagine yourself hiking on the same route that Lewis and Clark once explored, fly fishing and white-water rafting in beautiful lakes and rivers, learning how to speak Blackfoot, digging for ancient dinosaur remains, and standing at the edge of a 6,000-year-old glacier in Glacier National Park. You have the chance to do all of this and much more with the National Geographic Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge Expedition Team. The Hands-On Explorer Challenge is heading west in 2020 to Montana.
HIKE!
Montana is the home of many species of plants and animals. Follow in the footsteps of legendary explorers and get a close-up view of waterfalls, wildflowers, and wildlife.
DIG !
Some of the most important dinosaur discoveries have been found in Montana. You'll discover treasures yourself as you dig for ancient dinosaur remains in Montana's High Plains.
CULTURE !
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1. Write an original, personal essay in English of no more than 300 words telling us how you explore your world and what it is about exploration that inspires and excites you.
2. Take a photograph of what, where, or how you explored the subject of your essay.
3. Enter by January 7, 2020. Open to kids who will be ages 9-14 as of July l, 2020.
4. Send your entry form, essay, and photo (as described in the Official Rules) to: NG Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge, National Geographic Kids magazine/CDH, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, D. C. 20036.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, GO TO
KIDS. NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC. COM/KIDS/CONTESTS/EXPLORER-TRIP-2020.
1.What is true about Montana?
A.Lewis and Clark used to live there.
B.Many dinosaurs have been discovered there.
C.Its Native American tribes share the same culture.
D.It is home to many species of plants and animals.
2.If you want to enter the contest you must
A.be over 14 years old
B.send a photo with your essay
C.have rich exploration experience
D.write an English article over 300 words
3.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To provide travel information.
B.To describe Montana's scenery.
C.To announce a kid competition.
D.To suggest some outdoor activities.
读后续写
One pleasant New-year morning, Edward rose, and washed and dressed himself very quickly. He wanted to be first to wish everyone a happy New Year. He looked in every room, and shouted the words of welcome. He ran into the street, to repeat them to those he might meet. When he came back, his father gave him two bright, new silver dollars. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some pretty books that he had seen at the bookstore.
He left the house with a light heart, intending to buy the books. As he ran down the street, he saw a poor German family, the father, mother, and three children shivering with cold.
"I wish you a happy New Year," said Edward, as he was happily passing by. The man shook his head. "You do not belong to this country?" said Edward. The man again shook his head, for he could not understand or speak the English language. But he pointed to his mouth, and to the children, as if to say, "These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time." Edward quickly understood that these poor people were in a very difficult situation and required some help. He took out his dollars, and gave one to the man, and the other to his wife.
How their eyes sparkled with gratitude! They said something in their language, which doubtless meant, "We thank you a thousand times, and will remember you in our prayers."
When Edward came home, his father asked what book she had bought. He hung his head a moment, but quickly looked up. "I have bought no books," said he, "I gave my money to some poor people, who seemed to be very hungry ."
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150词左右
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语
Paragraph 1:
“I think I can wait for my books till next New Year,” continued he.
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Paragraph 2:
Hearing what his father said and holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world.
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假定你是李华，你看到“悦读网”(Enjoy reading)正在举行“百日阅读汉语经典”活动，要求参加者在网上连续阅读一百天，每天至少半小时，完成后该网站免费赠送书籍。请你的留学生朋友Henry写封邮件，推荐该活动。内容包括：
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2. 推荐该活动；
3. 推荐理由（至少两条）。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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