The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to act or behave in a similar way as a larger group.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct explains why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes an addiction. Teens and young adults may feel forced to smoke, or drink alcohol, which might encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to keep up with the peers.
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to work harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off smoking, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.
Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so subtle that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with an instinct is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, or it is simply because everyone else is doing the same thing.
1.What does the underlined word “instinct” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.A natural tendency. B.An acquired ability.
C.A popular idea. D.An obvious mistake.
2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.Potential causes of peer pressure.
B.Possible positive effects of peer pressure.
C.Negative consequences of peer pressure.
D.Tips for coping with peer pressure.
3.What is the author’s suggestion when making a decision?
A.Simply go with an instinct.
B.Ask for advice from adults.
C.Listen to the inner motivation.
D.Follow in the footsteps of others.
4.What is the author’s attitude to peer pressure?
A.Objective. B.Ambiguous.
C.Critical. D.Indifferent.
Whistler, B.C.
Beloved by tourists and Canadians alike, Whistler increased its international profile after the success of the 2010 Winter Olympics. With its close proximity (临近) to Vancouver — it’s only two hours north of the city — Whistler offers the ideal winter playground for all ages. Challenge yourself on its snow-covered mountains, enjoy some retail therapy in its 200 shops, or sample the finest cuisine in 90+ restaurants and bars.
Quebec
For more than 60 years, Quebec’s world famous Winter Carnival has been one of Canada’s must-visit winter destinations. With evening parades, snow tubing, skating, snow rafting, outdoor BBQs, ice sliding, snow sculpture competitions and dance parties, there’s something for every taste and age. And be sure to keep your eyes peeled for the fete’s main man — Bonhomme Carnaval — Quebec’s beloved snowman and Carnival ambassador.
Nova Scotia
You can’t get more Canadian than maple syrup, and Sugar Moon Farm in Nova Scotia has tasty fun in store for you! Learn all about the art of maple syrup — and sample the yummy results. Sugar Moon Farm offers warm hospitality along with their sugar camp tours, all-day brunch, maple-tasting experiences and hiking trails. Foodies will be thrilled to take part in Sugar Moon’s Chef Nights when the finest chefs create delicate dinners for a hungry and appreciative audience.
Saskatchewan
For a true frontier experience, enjoy a breathtaking journey through the Canadian wild by dog sled. Saskatchewan’s Sundogs Sled Excursions lets you ride along on a trip of a lifetime. Each winter from late November to mid-March, Sundogs takes visitors deep into the beautiful and unspoiled environs of Anglin Lake by dog sled. Sundogs offers a host of amazing activities including puppy camps, half or full day trips, and overnight camping.
1.What is Whistler, B.C. known for worldwide?
A.The success of the 2010 Winter Olympics.
B.Its close proximity to Vancouver.
C.Its snow-covered mountains.
D.The finest cuisine in restaurants and bars.
2.Which is suggested if one has a sweet tooth?
A.Whistler, B.C. B.Saskatchewan.
C.Nova Scotia. D.Quebec.
3.What can be expected in Saskatchewan?
A.A snow sculpture competition. B.A maple-tasting experience.
C.A cross-country hiking trip. D.A thrilling snow sled ride.
请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
As the art of writing Chinese characters, Chinese calligraphy, or shufa, is boasting as long a history as that of China itself. It is one of the highest forms of Chinese art, serving the purpose of conveying thoughts while also showcasing abstract beauty of lines.
According to the new curriculum recently issued by the Ministry of Education, calligraphy education is required in primary and middle schools. Calligraphy education will not only focus on developing students’ ability to write Chinese characters, but also involve traditional Chinese culture and calligraphy appreciation.
Many people support this practice. The primary and middle schools should attach importance to the art of producing beautiful handwriting using pens or brushes. At the same time, provided with appropriate calligraphy education, students can understand the rich connotation (内涵) and cultural value of Chinese calligraphy.
However, some people think it is out of fashion for students to practise calligraphy, because in many cases, we don't have to write Chinese characters thanks to the invention of computers.
（写作内容）
1. 用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2. 你是否支持书法教育进学校课堂？请说明理由（不少于两点）
（写作要求）
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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What is positive thinking? You might be tempted to assume that it implies seeing the world through rose-colored lenses by ignoring the negative aspects of life. However, positive thinking actually means approaching life's challenges with a positive outlook. It does not necessarily mean avoiding or ignoring the bad things; instead, it involves making the most of potentially bad situations, trying to see the best in other people, and viewing yourself and your abilities in a positive light.
Some researchers often frame positive thinking in terms of explanatory style. Your explanatory style is how you explain why events happened. People with an optimistic explanatory style tend to give themselves credit when good things happen, but typically blame outside forces for bad outcomes. Unlike individuals with a pessimistic explanatory style they also seldom view negative events as expected and lasting. Positive thinkers are more likely to use an optimistic explanatory style, but the way in which people attribute events can also vary depending upon the exact situation. For examples, a person who is generally a positive thinker might use a more pessimistic explanatory style in particularly challenging situations, such as at work or at school.
In recent years, the so-called "power of positive thinking" has gained a great deal of attention. Empirical (经验的) research has found that there are a lot of very real health benefits linked to positive thinking and optimistic attitudes. For example, positive thinking can make one live longer, feel less depressed, become less likely to suffer from health problems like the common cold and cardiovascular disease-related death. But why exactly does positive thinking have such a strong impact on health? One theory is that people who think positively tend to live a healthier life in general; they may exercise more, follow a more nutritious (营养的) diet and avoid unhealthy behaviors.
Even if you are not a natural-bom optimist, there are things you can do to learn how to think positively. For example, you are supposed to focus on your own inner monologue (独白) and stay away from negative self-talk.
When you are facing challenges and start engaging in negative thinking, call a friend of family member who you can count on to offer positive encouragement and feedback. Overall, remember that to think positively, you need to nurture (滋养) yourself. Investing energy in things you enjoy and surrounding yourself with optimistic people are just two ways that you can encourage positive thinking in your life.
Passage Outline | Supporting details |
Concept | Positive thinking refers to an attitude of approaching challenges, which doesn't mean escaping from bad things but taking 1.of them. |
Characteristics of positive thinkers | ♦ Positive thinkers reward themselves for good outcomes while they do not 2. themselves when bad things happen. ♦They tend to regard negative events as unexpected and3. . ♦ They are likely to 4.with some challenging situations in a pessimistic way. |
Benefits and possible reasons | ♦ Positive thinking helps 5. peopled lifespan, manage depression and improve people's ability to 6. disease. ♦ People who think positively tend to live 7.. |
Tips | ♦ 8. negative self-talk and when experiencing trouble. ♦Turn to a(n)9. person for positive encouragement and feedback. ♦ 10. yourself to interesting things and spend time with optimistic people. |
A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.
Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That’s the future our foremothers fought for.
But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like “I Love Lucy” and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片) , I think it’s important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.
For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving.
“Why would you want that?” she said. “Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven.”
She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.
Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasn’t fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.
She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day
When she wasn’t trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.
I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.
No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day?
I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.
But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women “having it all”. How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream
A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.
And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color and poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.
Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.
We still don’t have pay equality and in many states, we still don’t have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.
And while it’s getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running a household and raising the children.
But at least we can get jobs. At least we don’t have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.
1.According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?
A.Watching shows like “I Love Lucy” and listening to vinyl recordings.
B.Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.
C.Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.
D.Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 13 refer to?
A.Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.
B.Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.
C.Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.
D.Women’s illusion about “having it all”.
3.What does the “Stockholm Syndrome” in paragraph 14 really mean in the passage?
A.Women have been used to the unfair treatment at home
B.Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.
C.Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.
D.Women have the chance to live out their dreams.
4.The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.
A.fantastic B.admirable
C.awful D.unforgettable
5.What can we learn from the passage?
A.It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.
B.All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.
C.Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.
D.The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.
6.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To show great appreciation to her grandmas.
B.To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.
C.To draw readers’ attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.
D.To arouse women’s awareness of equal pay at work.
What will higher education look like in 2050? That was the question addressed Tuesday night by Michael Crow, president of Arizona State University.
“We’re at the end of the fourth wave of change in higher education,” Crow began, arguing that research universities followed the initial establishment of higher education, Public colleges, and land-grant schools in the timeline of America.
In less than a half-century, he said, global market competition will be at its fastest rates of change ever, with several multitrillion — dollar economies worldwide. According to a recent projection, the nation’s population could reach 435 million, with a large percentage of those residents economically disadvantaged. In addition, climate change will be meaningfully uncontrollable in many parts of the world.
The everyday trends seen today, such as declining performance of students at all levels, particularly in math and science, and declining wages and employment among the less educated, will only continue. Crow maintained, and are to say the least, not contributing to fulfilling the dream of climbing the social ladder mobility, quality of life, sustainable environment, and longer life spans that most Americans share.
“How is it that we can have these great research universities and have negative-trending outcomes?” Crow said in a talk “I hold the universities accountable.... We are part of the problem.” Among the “things that we do that make the things that we teach less learnable,” Crow said, are the strict separation of disciplines, academic rigidity, and conservatism, the desire of universities to imitate schools at the top of the social ranks, and the lack of the computer system ability that would allow a large number of students to be educated for a small amount of money.
Since 2002, when Crow started being in charge at Arizona State — which he calls the “new American university” — he has led more than three dozen initiatives that aim to make the school “inclusive, scalable, fast, adaptive, challenge-focused, and willing to take risks.”
Among those initiatives were a restructuring of the engineering and life sciences schools to create more linkages between disciplines; the launch of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of sustainability; the start of a Teachers College to address K-12 performance and increase the status of the Education Department at the university; and broadened access, increasing the freshman class size by 42 percent and the enrollment of students living below the poverty line by 500 percent.
Universities must start, Crow noted, “by becoming self-reflective architects, figuring out what we have and what we actually need instead of what legend tells us we have to be.” Research universities today have “run their course,” he added. “Now is the time for variety.”
During a discussion afterward, Crow clarified and expanded on some of his points. He discussed, for example, the school's distance-leading program. “Nearly 40 percent of undergraduates are taking at least one course online,” he said, which helps the school to keep costs down while advancing interactive learning technologies.
He said that Arizona State is working to increase the transfer and completion rates of community-college students, of whom only about 15 percent, historically, complete their later degrees. “We’ve built a system that will allow them to track into universities,” particularly where “culturally complex barriers” beyond finances limit even the most gifted students.
1.The fourth wave of change in America's higher education refers to ________.
A.public colleges B.land-grant schools
C.research universities D.initial higher education
2.Which is NOT part of the American dream most people share _________.
A.People enjoy a quality life. B.People live longer and longer.
C.The freedom to move around. D.An environment that is sustainable.
3.Which one is similar to the underlined word “architect” in meaning?
A.The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.
B.If you want to refurnish the house, consult the architect.
C.Deng Xiaoping is one of the architects of the PRC.
D.Tom is considered one of the best landscape architect here.
4.With the distance-learning program, Arizona State University is able to ___________ .
A.enroll 40% of its students online
B.keep costs down without a loss of quality
C.provide an even greater number of courses
D.attract the most gifted students all over the world
