What’s in the scream? It is thought that the sound of a scream has an acoustic(听觉的) signature - an acoustic DNA that tells the listener’s ear that they are hearing a scream, even if it is not. “The scream may initially run to scare the attacking predator(捕食者). The study of screaming has the potential to help us understand the evolution of emotional communication,” says Jay Schwartz of Emory university.
Jay Schwartz and his colleagues asked 181 volunteers to listen to 75 sounds that included laughter, crying, moans, groans, and yells from acted origins, like television or movies, and more natural sources, such as a YouTube video of a child opening a present and screaming in delight. The listeners indicated whether or not each sound was something they considered a scream. “We did not provide any type of definition for a scream because we were trying to get at what is it in people’s minds that distinguishes a scream,” says Schwartz, who presented his work at a meeting of the Acoustical Society of America on 14 May.
When they analyzed the sound files, they found that the ones listed as screams had acoustic similarities. People were more likely to consider a sound a scream if it was higher in pitch(音高), and had a varied change in pitch, first moving up and then down at the end.
Rapid changes in amplitude - perceived as a rough, gravelly quality - also tended to be classified as screams more than sounds with a smoother tone. This sound was classified as a scream by 64 percent of the listeners. Surprisingly, a recording of a whistle was categorized as a scream by 70 percent of the participants. “It was because the whistle exhibited a lot of the acoustic qualities that we found to be associated with a scream, including high pitch and roughness,” says Schwartz.
1.What was the scream used for in the beginning?
A.Frightening the enemies. B.Sharing the different acoustic DNA.
C.Attracting the volunteers D.Understanding the emotional evolution.
2.What does Jay Schwartz’s research aim to understand?
A.Where people would scream. B.How people judged the scream.
C.Why people would scream. D.What was the best scream.
3.What did the screams have in common?
A.Higher pitch. B.A peaceful mind.
C.Natural origins. D.Different functions.
4.Why was the whistle considered a scream by most listeners?
A.It had the smoother tone. B.It showed some roughness.
C.It made listeners satisfied. D.It did great harm to people.
The Swedish Academy has named Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. It also announced that it was honoring Austrian Peter Handke with the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature. The Academy cancelled the prize last year after many members fled the organization following sexual abuse accusations linked to it.
The Academy said it awarded Tokarczuk for imaginative writing that “represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.”
The Polish writer’s first published work came in 1989, a book of poetry called Cities in Mirrors. Her first novel, The Journey of the Book-People, was published in 1993. Last year, Tokarczuk became the first Polish writer to win Britain’s Man Booker Prize for International Literature for her novel Flights. Her novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, was on the short list of nominees for the 2019 prize as well. That prize went to another writer. Tokarczuk spoke Thursday with readers hours after she won the Nobel. “I can only write.” She said.
The Swedish Academy said it named Peter Handke winner of the 2018 prize for “influential work that with linguistic gift has explored the boundary and the specificity of human experience.” Handke’s first novel was published in 1966. He also writes plays and is a political organizer. The Austrian writer was an opponent(反对者) of NATO’s air attacks against Serbia in the Kosovo war of thelate1990s.He was a supporter of the Serbian government under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic. He has denied that Bosnian Serb troops carried out a campaign killing of 8, 000 locals in Srebrenica during the Bosnian war in the 1990s. As a result, some critics are angry that he was given the Nobel Prize.
At home in Paris Thursday, Handke called the decision to give him the literature award “courageous.” He said the recognition gave him “a strange kind of freedom.”
1.Which of Tokarczuk’s works won Britain’s Man Booker Prize?
A.Cities in Mirrors. B.Flights.
C.The Journey of the Book-People D.Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead.
2.What does the underlined word “nominees” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.A candidate to be selected to an office. B.A candidate seeking a kind of position.
C.A candidate chosen by a political party. D.A candidate being considered for an honor.
3.How does Peter Handke find the Nobel committee?
A.Fearless. B.Awesome. C.Strange. D.Embarrassed.
4.What’s the best title of the text?
A.Peter Handke from Austria Win 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature.
B.Olga Tokarczuk from Poland Win 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.
C.Writers from Austria and Poland Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.
D.Writers from Poland and Austria Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.
It’s reported that the American College Board has made several changes to the SAT test to help more poor students receive higher education. It offers a scoring criterion beyond its own SAT test, which measures only oral and math skills. The new tool is designed to help admissions officers find if applicants have risen above limitations in their social or economic circumstances by expressing a particular characteristic: resourcefulness(足智多谋).
The new criterion, called ECD, has been tried by 50 colleges over the past year and will be carried out by 150 institutions this fall. Relying on public data , it looks at 15 factors(因素) in neighborhoods and schools that might passively influence a candidate’s college readiness. These statistics include crime rates, education levels, joblessness, and the family members that receive food stamps. It applicants come from a highly disadvantaged background yet have proper but perhaps not high SAT scores , a college might then admit them.
Resourcefulness shows an ability to seek support outside one’s self. It requires a clear purpose in learning. The new tool “shines a light on students who have shown remarkable resourcefulness to overcome challenges and achieve more with less,” says David Coleman, the College Board’s president.
The ECD also has the advantage of not taking race into consideration in admissions, a practice being increasingly closed off by the Supreme Court and many states. At the same time, in stressing a key quality for academic success, it may help prevent discrimination in admissions.
The tool is not an absolute measure of resourcefulness. It misses other types of circumstances, such as personal or family problems. Colleges must weigh many factors in admissions. Still, it could lead to a greater focus on character in education beyond the traditional pursuit (追求) of knowledge and career skills. Graduates who have stood out despite their hardships are highly desired by today’s employers.
1.Which people can benefit from the new criterion?
A.Students from poor families. B.Students doing well at maths.
C.Students having much money. D.Students with good spoken skills.
2.What are the new criteria when judging a candidate?
A.The attitudes to schools. B.The remarks from colleges.
C.The difficulties a candidate will face. D.The institutions a candidate will study in.
3.What is the advantage of ECD?
A.It can make applicants successful. B.It can improve the ability of races.
C.It can provide clear learning purposes. D.It can treat applicants equally.
4.Which graduates do employers prefer?
A.Those with excellent qualities.
B.Those having experienced hardships.
C.Those making progress in difficult situations.
D.Those with the traditional pursuit of knowledge.
I feel it a great honor that you choose to stay at Central International Hotel. We are ideally situated in Zhenru Center, one of the four centers in Shanghai, next to Shanghai West Railway Station. Tube Line 11 is only six minutes walk to our hotel by the sixth exit that can reach Shanghai Disneyland in a beeline. On the east side of our hotel lie bus No. 107 to the downtown People's Square, bus No. 762 to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, bus No. 869 to the National Exhibition Center and Tube Line 2 to Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
●Customer Satisfaction Survey(调查)
Please let us know you needs so that we can provide you with better services. Please fill out the customer satisfaction survey forms that can be found in your room.
●Environmental Protection Programs
We are committed to environmental protection and energy saving. We encourage you to participate our environmental protection programs. If you are interested in it, please read the relevant information card in your room.
●Green Hotel
According to the regulations on the Management of Household Garbage on July 1, 2019, hotel management units mustn't actively provide consumers with room one-used daily necessities(必需品). As a five-leaf Chinese Green Hotel, if you need room one-used daily necessities during your stay, please call the Room Service on the phone for free to request or eye the robot’s 2D code(二维码)to buy.
●Room Cleaning
Your room will be cleaned daily. For immediate cleaning, please click the Please Clean Up service or dial Room Service on the phone.
●No Disturbing
If you wish to be left alone, please press the No Disturbing button in your room. If you do not wish to receive any calls, please call the Operator on the phone.
1.How do you reach Disneyland directly from the hotel?
A.By bus No. 762. B.By bus No. 869.
C.By subway No. 2. D.By subway No. 11.
2.What can you do to join in the environmental protection program?
A.Press the button. B.Let us know your needs.
C.Read the related information card. D.Fill in the customer satisfaction survey.
3.How can you get free daily necessities?
A.By clicking Please Clean Up. B.By eyeing the robot’s 2D code.
C.By calling the Operator. D.By calling the Room Service.
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack将于近期和家人去杭州旅游。他想了解需要做哪些准备工作。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，给他提一些建议。内容要点如下：1. 欢迎他与家人来杭州旅游；2. 提出具体建议并给出理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 信的开头结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
删 除：把多余的词用斜线划掉（\）。
增 加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在其下面写出修改后的词。
修 改：在错的词下划一横线，在其下面写出修改后的词。
注 意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are delight to plant vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. However, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
