For a long time bats 1.(be) one of the most feared creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are2.(relate) to vampire. Though these associations are complete misunderstandings, bats do have a dark side as a 3.(danger) disease vector (传播媒介). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. However, the fact is4.bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of 5. (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat - about 6.size of a human thumb - can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic, almost essential 7. (add) to pest management on any farm.
Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bat contributions8.pest management save the country at9. (little) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them, we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production, which would eventually make10.(it) way into our weekly grocery bills.
William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin in 1865. His childhood ___ the harmony that was ____ of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited(继承) excellent taste in ____ from his family — both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally ____ literature, ____ drama and poetry.
Yeats had strong ____ in the coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the ____ task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments,____, were not received ____ at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed ____ in his poetical drama.
___ with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much ____ notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life ____, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide ____.
He had not ____ a major public life ____ winning the Nobel Prize in 1923. Yet, he ____ writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be ____ as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who ____ his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’s death in 1939, W.H.Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:
Earth, receive an ____ guest:
William Yeats is laid to rest.
Let the Irish vessel (船) lie.
Emptied of its poetry.
1.A.held B.lacked C.expected D.desired
2.A.typical B.special C.awkward D.capable
3.A.art B.poetry C.drama D.literature
4.A.carried on B.decided on C.put on D.based on
5.A.regularly B.instantly C.particularly D.finally
6.A.desire B.energy C.access D.faith
7.A.fresh B.stupid C.small D.difficult
8.A.therefore B.however C.besides D.otherwise
9.A.possibly B.honorably C.favorably D.doubtfully
10.A.failure B.fame C.pleasure D.success
11.A.Connected B.Occupied C.Compared D.Tired
12.A.admiring B.amusing C.amazing D.envying
13.A.finished B.produced C.created D.progressed
14.A.praise B.spread C.recognition D.assessment
15.A.enjoyed B.accepted C.purchased D.taken
16.A.before B.since C.until D.after
17.A.abandoned B.continued C.appreciated D.recommended
18.A.respected B.admired C.valued D.favored
19.A.prohibits B.attempts C.recommends D.produces
20.A.appealed B.advocated C.advanced D.honored
Most Americans love Chinese food. However, the Chinese food served in most American restaurants is very different from the authentic cuisine enjoyed daily by people living in China. 1.Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America. To make a living, some of them opened restaurants. Over these years, Chinese cuisine has been adapted to reflect Western influences.
2.The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying. Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods. However, traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying. Instead, methods such as baking, steaming, boiling and fermenting (发酵) are more commonly used.
Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used. 3. Some ingredients — like carrots, onions and tomatoes — are not often used in authentic Chinese cooking. In addition, while you can find some Western cuisines that use strange meats — like pig ears — most Western cultures are pretty conservative about the meats they consume. Authentic Chinese food, in contrast, uses a wider variety of protein sources, including tofu, snake, chicken feet, duck blood and many more that Westerners generally wouldn’t choose to eat.
4.Sweet and Sour Chicken, for example, has no equivalent（同等物）in traditional Chinese cuisine. Similarly, the fortune cookie is a completely American invention.
Indeed, there are numerous differences between authentic and westernized Chinese cuisine, but Western palates (味觉) adapt to new flavors easily. 5.
A.The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s.
B.Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines.
C.There are so many regions of China, and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently.
D.So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America.
E.Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all.
F.Deep frying food is quick, which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes.
G.One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods.
While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
1.What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A.It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B.It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C.It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D.It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
2.What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A.Cautious. B.Satisfied.
C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
3.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A.Predictable. B.Practicable.
C.Approaching. D.Impossible.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？
B.Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
C.Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?
D.Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit, according to researchers.
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, analyzed what the structure of social networks says about the state of health, happiness and stress.
"We were interested in the topololgy (拓扑学) of the social network — what does my position within my social network predict about my health and well-being said Nitesh V. Chawla, a professor at the University of Notre Dame in the US.
“What we found was the social network structure provides a significant improvement in predictability of wellness states of an individual over just using the data obtained from wearables, like the number of steps or heart rate,” Chawla said.
For the study, participants wore a Fitbit to capture health behavior data about walking, sleeping, heart rate and overall activity level. They also completed surveys and self-assessments of their stress, happiness and positivity.
Cbawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine learning model, alongside the connections and characteristics of an individual's social network.
The study showed a strong correlation (相关性) between social network structures, heart rate, number of steps and level of activity.
Social network structure provided significant improvement in predicting one's health and well-being compared to just looking at health behavior data from the Fitbit alone.
For example, when social network structure is combined with the data from wearables, the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in predicting happiness.
The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting one's self-assessed health prediction, a 55 percent improvement in predicting positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.
This study asserts (断言) that without social network information, we only have an incomplete view of an individual's wellness state, and to be fully predictive or to be able to obtain interventions (干扰). It is critical to be aware of the social network, Chawla said.
1.What did the study find?
A.How people choose their friend circles.
B.What factors decide your friend circles.
C.How your circle of friends influences you
D.What your circle of friends says about your health.
2.How did the researchers draw their conclusions?
A.By comparing data. B.By giving examples.
C.By analyzing cause and effect D.By describing personal experiences.
3.What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph?
A.Easy. B.Common.
C.Important. D.Challenging.
4.What do Chawla's words in the last paragraph tell us?
A.How fitness devices can connect your circle of friends
B.That a person's social network is part of his health picture.
C.The best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle
D.That wearable devices are not useful for understanding someone's health.
As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasn’t interested in science — until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set for Christmas.
“Over the course of a few weeks, I’d completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parent’s dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner,” she says.
Now science is Buckley’s job. She works in the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize, first-hand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great,” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-home chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a one-off experiment, what’s cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose,” Prunuske says. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Long agrees. “Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s important, that it matters.” Citizen-science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster （星系团）. Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen-science projects helped scientists learn where butterflies go every winter.
Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. That’s one reason they hope that fun, exciting citizen-science projects can help them keep in touch, Long says. And she has some evidence that it’s working, “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now. ’”
1.What is the purpose of paragraph 2?
A.To support trials can make teens interested in science.
B.To prove failure is the mother of success in science.
C.To state Buckley has a talent for science.
D.To praise Buckley for her strong will.
2.Why is citizen science more fun?
A.It carries out experiments frequently.
B.It must carry out experiments in groups.
C.It needs to seek for new solutions.
D.It demands to handle complex problems.
3.What can we know from what Prunuske said?
A.She participated in the experiment.
B.She took pride in what students took up.
C.Citizen science is popular with students.
D.Scientists are willing to employ students.
4.What is Long’s attitude towards citizen science?
A.Concerned. B.Supportive.
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
